Abstract
Purpose
Methods
Results

References
















![]() | Figure 1.A 66-year-old male presented with neovascular age- related macular degeneration. (A) Fundus photography at ini-tial visit. Serous elevation is seen at the macula and yellowish fibrinous materials are seen at the parafoveal area. The visual acuity is 20/100. (B) Fundus photography at final visit. Serous elevation is resolved and yellowish fibrinous materials are much decreased. The visual acuity is 20/50. (C) Initial fluo-rescein angiography shows diffuse leakage around macula. (D) Initial indocyanine green angiography shows no definite polypoidal lesions. (E) Horizontal sectional image of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at initial visit. The OCT shows sparse hyperreflective foci (red arrows) distribution in the inner, outer, and subretinal layers. Subretinal hyper-reflective foci are aggregated at the roof of the subretinal fluid (SRF). (F) Horizontal sectional image of OCT at final visit. Hyperreflective foci are almost resolved and just small amounts (red arrows) of hyperreflective foci remain at the in-ner retinal layer. SRF is also resolved. |
![]() | Figure 2.A 76-year-old male presented with neovascular age- related macular degeneration. (A) Fundus photography at ini-tial visit. Serous elevation at the macula is observed. Baseline visual acuity was 20/60. (B) Fundus photography at final visit. Serous elevation is decreased. (C) Initial fluorescein angiog-raphy shows multiple hyperfluorescene lesions around macula. (D) Initial indocyanine green angiography shows no definite polypoidal lesions. (E) Horizontal sectional image of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) im-ages at initial visit. The image shows sparse hyperreflective foci (red arrows) distribution at all retinal layers, especially at the subretinal layer. (F) Horizontal sectional image of SD-OCT at final visit. Hyperreflective foci are reduced, but still present around the outer and subretinal layers (red ar-rows). Subretinal fluid has also resolved. |
Table 1.
Table 2.
Baseline | Final | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
VA (log MAR) | 0.74 ± 0.45 | 0.54 ± 0.38 | 0.001 |
No. of HF | |||
HF inner∗ | 3.27 ± 3.21 | 1.57 ± 2.10 | <0.001 |
HF outer† | 2.93 ± 2.42 | 1.11 ± 1.51 | <0.001 |
HF subretina‡ | 4.98 ± 4.17 | 3.00 ± 4.46 | 0.003 |
HF total§ | 11.18 ± 6.36 | 5.68 ± 5.87 | <0.001 |
Thickness (μ m) | |||
FT | 428.84 ± 142.65 | 322.14 ± 136.76 | <0.001 |
PED | 33.18 ± 108.88 | 21.30 ± 81.04 | 0.441 |
CNV | 97.16 ± 95.77 | 73.91 ± 91.97 | 0.030 |
IS/OS disruption length (μ m) | 644.32 ± 591.72 | 579.55 ± 584.92 | 0.187 |
ELM disruption length (μ m) | 461.36 ± 571.91 | 409.09 ± 567.67 | 0.239 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD. All analyses were performed by paired t-test.
VA = visual acuity; log MAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; HF = hyperreflective foci; FT = foveal thickness; PED = pigment epithelial detachment; CNV = choroidal neovascularization; IS/OS = photoreceptor inner segment and outer segment; ELM = external limiting membrane.
Table 3.
Univariate | Multivariate∗ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Standardized coefficient beta | p-value | Standardized coefficient beta | p-value | |
Age (years) | 0.224 | 0.144 | - | - |
Gender | 0.124 | 0.424 | - | - |
DM | -0.151 | 0.327 | - | - |
HTN | 0.044 | 0.776 | - | - |
No. of injections | -0.065 | 0.676 | - | - |
Initial VA (log MAR) | 0.576 | <0.001 | 0.317 | 0.028 |
No. of HF | ||||
HF inner† | 0.205 | 0.183 | - | - |
HF outer‡ | 0.021 | 0.894 | - | - |
HF subretina§ | 0.389 | 0.009 | 0.254 | 0.046 |
HF total∏ | 0.366 | 0.014 | - | - |
Thickness (μ m) | ||||
FT | 0.079 | 0.610 | - | - |
PED | 0.275 | 0.071 | - | - |
CNV | 0.193 | 0.210 | - | - |
IS/OS disruption length (μ m) | 0.527 | <0.001 | 0.362 | 0.009 |
ELM disruption length (μ m) | 0.389 | 0.009 | - | - |
BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; log MAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; DM = diabetes mellitus; HTN = hypertension; VA = visual acuity; HF = hyperreflective foci; FT = foveal thickness; PED = pigment epithelial detachment; CNV = choroidal neovascularization; IS/OS = photoreceptor inner segment and outer segment; ELM = external limiting membrane.
Table 4.
r∗ | p-value | |
---|---|---|
Final VA (log MAR) | 0.389 | 0.009 |
Thickness (μ m) | ||
FT | 0.452 | 0.002 |
PED | 0.023 | 0.881 |
CNV | 0.390 | 0.009 |
IS/OS disruption length (μ m) | 0.138 | 0.371 |
ELM disruption length (μ m) | 0.149 | 0.333 |