The Stereoscopic Acuity in Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Visual Field Defects

Joo Hyun Chang; Bo Young Chun; Jae Pil Shin

doi:10.3341/jkos.2014.55.5.734

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Chang, Chun, and Shin: The Stereoscopic Acuity in Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Visual Field Defects

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 201;55(5):734-739.

Published online: 30 August 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.5.734

The Stereoscopic Acuity in Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Visual Field Defects

Joo Hyun Chang, MD, Bo Young Chun, MD, PhD, Jae Pil Shin, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea

Address reprint requests to Bo Young Chun, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, #130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-721, Korea, Tel: 82-53-200-5818, Fax: 82-53-426-6552, E-mail: byjun424@hotmail.com

Received 15 November 2013 Revised 7 January 2014 Accepted 23 April 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the stereoscopic acuity in patients with unilateral or bilateral visual field defects.

Methods

Stereoscopic acuity was measured using the Titmus stereo test for 36 subjects with visual field defects (VFD). VFD was assessed by sum of MD (mean deviation, MDsum) and PSD (pattern standard deviation, PSDsum) of both eyes in Humphrey visual field test and presence of central VFD (within 30° isopter) in Goldman visual field test. 25 glaucoma subjects and 11 optic neuritis subjects were included. Patients with strabismus or ocular motility disorders which could affect stereoscopic acuity were excluded.

Results

The mean of MDsum was −20.10 ± 12.31 dB (-45.13∼-10.64 dB) and PSDsum was 13.10 ± 8.76 dB (9.62-25.47 dB). The mean stereoscopic acuity was 710 ± 922 arc sec (40-3000 arc sec) with Titmus stereo test. The associations between stereoscopic acuity and PSDsum (r = 0.400, p = 0.016), presence of central VFD within 30 degrees (r = 0.428, p = 0.03) were statistically significant. There was positive trend between stereoscopic acuity and duration of VFD, but with no statistical significance.

Conclusions

Decreased stereoscopic acuity was associated with PSDsum and VFD in the central 30 degrees. We should consider this decrease of stereoscopic acuity as well when evaluating visual function of the patients with VFD.

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Keywords: Stereopsis, Stereoscopic acuity, Visual field defect

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Figure 1.

Correlation between visual field defects and stereoscopic acuity. (A) There is significant positive correlation between the mean value of sum of pattern standard deviation (PSDsum) (dB) and stereoscopic acuity (arc sec) (r = 0.400, p = 0.016). (B) There is no significant correlation between the mean value of sum of mean deviation (MDsum) (dB) and stereoscopic acuity (arc sec) (r = −0.245, p = 0.078).

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Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients

Characteristics	Values	p-value
Number of patients	36
Age (years)	63.2 ± 15.0
Sex (M:F)	19:17
Mean BCVA (log MAR)		0.878
Right	0.03 ± 0.02
Left	0.04 ± 0.05
Refractive error (SE, diopter)		0.618
Right	-1.5 ± 2.9
Left	-1.4 ± 2.8
Mean stereoscopic acuity (arc sec)	710 ± 922 (3000-40″)

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; log MAR = logarithm of minimum angle resolution; SE = spherical equivanent.

Table 2.

Variables in interpretation of visual field (VF) defect

Parameter	Values
Mean value of MDsum (dB)	-20.10 ± 12.31
Mean value of PSDsum (dB)	13.10 ± 8.76
Presence of VFD within 30° isopter in Goldman perimeter
None:central:peripheral	6:25:5
Unilateral:bilateral	15:21
Mean duration of VFD (months)	38.7 (3-120)

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

MDsum = sum of mean deviation; PSDsum = sum of pattern standard deviation; VFD = visual field defect.

Table 3.

Levels of significance of various clinical factors on the stereoscopic acuity

Parameter	Significance (p-value^†)
MDsum^*	r = −0.245 (0.078)
PSDsum	r = 0.400 (0.016)
Mean duration of VFD	r = 0.170 (0.42)
Presence of VFD within 30° isopter	r = 0.428 (0.03)
Unilateral vs. bilateral VFD	r = 0.331 (0.11)

MDsum = sum of mean deviation; PSDsum = sum of pattern standard deviation; VFD = visual field defect.

^* Partial correlation (control variable: age);

^† Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Table 4.

Distribution of stereoscopic acuity and visual field defects

Stereoscopic acuity (arc sec)	MDsum		PSDsum		VFD
Stereoscopic acuity (arc sec)	>-25 (n = 19)	≤-25 (n = 17)	>12.5 (n = 18)	<12.5 (n = 18)	None (n = 6)	Present (n = 25)
Normal (40″) (%)	4 (21)^*	2 (11)^*	0 (0)^*	5 (28)^*	4 (33)^*	2 (8)^*
Reduced (50-800″) (%)	9 (47)	10 (59)	9 (50)	11 (61)	2 (67)	15 (60)
Absence (>3000″) (%)	6 (32)	5 (30)	9 (50)^*	2 (11)^*	0 (0)^*	8 (32)^*

MDsum = sum of mean deviation; PSDsum = sum of pattern standard deviation; VFD = visual field defect in the central 30 degrees by Goldman visual field test.

^* p-value < 0.05 with Fishers exact test.

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