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Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate outer retinal tubulation (ORT) found in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using color fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
Methods
ORT identified in patients with chronic CSC was examined using color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence image, fluorescein angiography, indocyanin green angiography, and SD-OCT. The images were analyzed for morphological features, location, and size of ORT in the retinal layers.
Results
ORT was detected in 3 of 342 (0.88%) chronic CSC patients. Color fundus photography revealed circular or ovoid shape with hollow lumen and deep yellowish border mainly appearing at the affected retinal pigment epithelium layer in the macular area. SD-OCT B-scan revealed hyperreflective material observed inside the hyporeflective internal space with hyperreflective border. ORT had circular or ovoid shape on the SD-OCT C-scan. ORT was primarily located on the outer nuclear layer in the retina, emanating to the inner nuclear layer and was not greater than 170 × 170 µm in size when measured with SD-OCT B-scan image.
References
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Figure 1.
(A) Color fundus photography of right eye of a 54-years-old man with outer retinal tubulation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Black arrows indicate some outer retinal tubulation which represents deep yellowish spots on color fundus photography. White box represents the area of B-scan and C-scan. (B) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan (left: horizontal section through the fovea, right: vertical section through the fovea) showed circular and ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders representing outer retinal tubulation in the outer nuclear layer (red arrows). (C) Spectral domain OCT C-scan shows multiple circular or ovoid shapes with hyperreflectivity, which correspond with deep yellowish spots on color fundus photography (black arrows). (D) Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography show retinal pigment epithelium track in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Figure 2.
(A) Color fundus photography of left eye of a 54-years-old man with outer retinal tubulation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Black arrows indicate outer retinal tubulation which correspond with red arrows in spectral domain OCT B-scan. White box represents the area of B-scan and C-scan. (B) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan (left: horizontal section through the fovea, right: vertical section through the fovea) showed circular and ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders representing outer retinal tubulation in the outer nuclear layer (red arrows). (C) Spectral domain OCT C-scan shows multiple circular or ovoid shapes with hyperreflectivity, which correspond with deep yellowish spots on color fundus photography. (D) Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography show retinal pigment epithelium track in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Figure 3.
(A) Color fundus photography of right eye of a 69-years-old man with outer retinal tubulation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Black arrows indicate outer retinal tubulation which correspond with red arrows in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan. White box represents the area of C-scan. (B) Spectral domain OCT B-scan showed circular and ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders and contained hyper-reflective material within their lumen representing outer retinal tubulation. (C) Spectral domain OCT C-scan showed circular pattern of outer retinal tubulation located near atrophic scar. (D) Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography show retinal pigment epithelium atrophy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Figure 4.
(A) Color fundus photography of left eye of a 69-years-old man with outer retinal tubulation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Black arrows indicate outer retinal tubulation which correspond with red arrows in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan. White box represents the area of C-scan. (B) Spectral domain OCT B-scan showed circular and ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders and contained hyperreflective material within their lumen representing outer retinal tubulation. (C) Spectral domain OCT C-scan showed circular pattern of outer retinal tubulation located near atrophic scar. (D) Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography show retinal pigment epithelium atrophy chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Figure 5.
(A) Color fundus photography of right eye of a 57-years-old woman with outer retinal tubulation in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Black arrows indicate outer retinal tubulation which correspond with red arrows in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scan. White box represents the area of C-scan. (B) Spectral domain OCT B-scan showed circular and ovoid structures with hyperreflective borders representing outer retinal tubulation. (C) Spectral domain OCT C-scan showed circular pattern of outer retinal tubulation located near atrophic scar. (D) Fluorescein angiography and indocyanin green angiography show window defect in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
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