Difference of GCIPL Thickness of Diabetes and Normal Eyes in Spectral Domain OCT

Sang Jun Park; Yeon Sung Moon; Na Rae Kim

doi:10.3341/jkos.2014.55.10.1476

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Park, Moon, and Kim: Difference of GCIPL Thickness of Diabetes and Normal Eyes in Spectral Domain OCT

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1476-1480.

Published online: 2 September 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.10.1476

Difference of GCIPL Thickness of Diabetes and Normal Eyes in Spectral Domain OCT

Sang Jun Park, MD, Yeon Sung Moon, MD, PhD, Na Rae Kim, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology and Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea

Address reprint requests to Na Rae Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University Hospital, #27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea, Tel: 82-32-890-2400, Fax: 82-32-890-2417 E-mail: nrkim@inha.ac.kr

Received 11 January 2014 Revised 24 April 2014 Accepted 5 September 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the difference of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in diabetic and normal eyes of patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA).

Methods

The authors compared and analyzed the difference of the GCIPL thickness measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 42 diabetic and 92 normal subjects.

Results

The study subjects were divided into 3 groups: 92 normal subjects, 22 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy, and 26 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy. Presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or diabetic retinopathy did not influence the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. The GCIPL thickness tended to be thinner especially in the superior sector GCIPL. The GCIPL thickness of normal subjects, diabetes patients without diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic retinopathy patients was 82.24 ± 7.21 μm, 81.86 ± 9.53 μm, and 76.77 ± 14.13 μm, respectively, especially in the superior sector GCIPL (p = 0.029).

Conclusions

Retinal ganglion cell layer thinning was induced by diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, and originated specifically from the superior part of the retina.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus (DM), Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), Optical coherence tomography (OCT), Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)

References

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Figure 1.

Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of diabetic patients groups and control group. The illustration shows that the RNFL layer thickness had no difference among the 3 groups. DM = diabtes mellitus; DMR = diabetic retinopathy.

Figure 2.

Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness of diabetic patients groups and control group. The illustration shows that the GCIPL thickness had tendency to be thinner in diabetic patients than norm al patients and in diabetic retinopathy than non-diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus patients. DM = diabtes mellitus; DMR = diabetic retinopathy.

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of diabetic patients groups and control group

	Control (n = 92)	Diabetes mellitus		p-value
	Control (n = 92)	No DMR (n = 22)	DMR (n = 26)	p-value
Age (years)	57.25 ± 6.90	59.9 ± 9.736	60.00 ± 10.58	0.212
Sex (M/F)	53/39	13/9	13/13
IOP (mm Hg)	15.11 ± 3.30	15.14 ± 3.24	16.08 ± 3.47	0.420
Spherical equivalent (diopter)	−0.38 ± 1.59	−0.53 ± 1.69	0.03 ± 1.41	0.395
Hemoglobin A_1c (%)	−	7.36 ± 1.69	9.08 ± 1.86	0.013
Duration of DM (years)	−	8.90 ± 7.51	14.54 ± 6.08	0.007

Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

DMR = diabetic retinopathy; DM = diabtes mellitus; IOP = intraocular pressure.

Table 2.

RNFL thickness of diabetic patients groups and control group

	Control (n = 92)	Diabetes mellitus		p-value
	Control (n = 92)	No DMR (n = 22)	DMR (n = 26)	p-value
Average thickness (μm)	94.37 ± 10.44	91.64 ± 11.49	96.96 ± 12.31	0.249
Temporal thickness (μm)	68.30 ± 11.66	69.41 ± 10.80	71.88 ± 16.05	0.433
Superior thickness (μm)	119.02 ± 18.38	114.09 ± 18.37	120.19 ± 19.65	0.470
Nasal thickness (μm)	70.39 ± 10.42	67.73 ± 10.02	72.35 ± 11.07	0.317
Inferior thickness (μm)	119.92 ± 17.84	115.59 ± 19.24	123.50 ± 15.46	0.306

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer; DMR = diabetic retinopathy.

Table 3.

GCIPL thickness of diabetic patients groups and control group

	Control (n = 92)	Diabetes mellitus		p-value
	Control (n = 92)	No DMR (n = 22)	DMR (n = 26)	p-value
Average thickness (μm)	81.77 ± 6.73	80.64 ± 8.59	77.96 ± 12.40	0.123
Superotemporal thickness (μm)	81.59 ± 7.97	79.59 ± 8.73	77.12 ± 11.88	0.074
Superior thickness (μm)	82.24 ± 7.21	81.86 ± 9.53	76.77 ± 14.13	0.029/0.031^*
Superonasal thickness (μm)	83.72 ± 7.76	84.41 ± 8.461	79.46 ± 17.94	0.154
Inferiornasal thickness (μm)	80.55 ± 8.40	80.59 ± 8.47	78.27 ± 11.43	0.298
Inferior thickness (μm)	79.13 ± 7.24	77.45 ± 9.52	75.00 ± 12.02	0.097
Inferotemporal thickness (μm)	82.39 ± 7.14	79.45 ± 10.13	80.77 ± 17.34	0.432

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

GCIPL = ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer; DMR = diabetic retinopathy.

^* p-value of Scheffe's post hoc test between the control and the diabetic retinopathy group.

Table 4.

Macular thickness of diabetic patients groups and control group

	Control (n = 92)	Diabetes mellitus		p-value
	Control (n = 92)	No DMR (n = 22)	DMR (n = 26)	p-value
Cube average thickness (μm)	279.83 ± 12.42	275.86 ± 11.89	278.19 ± 16.20	0.436
Central macular thickness (μm)	251.98 ± 24.61	240.86 ± 36.16	241.00 ± 34.08	0.099
Cube volume (mm²)	10.01 ± 0.43	9.86 ± 0.40	9.90 ± 0.62	0.286

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

DMR = diabetic retinopathy.

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