Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pinguecula between 20 and 39 Years of Age

Jae Hyeong Hwang; Ji Won Kwon

doi:10.3341/jkos.2014.55.8.1126

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Hwang and Kwon: Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pinguecula between 20 and 39 Years of Age

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(8):1126-1131.

Published online: 31 August 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.8.1126

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pinguecula between 20 and 39 Years of Age

Jae Hyeong Hwang, MD, Ji Won Kwon, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea

Address reprint requests to Ji Won Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital, #55 Hwasu-ro 14beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang 412-826, Korea, Tel: 82-31-810-6250, Fax: 82-31-969-0500, E-mail: eyeminerva@naver.com

Received 11 January 2014 Revised 2 April 2014 Accepted 12 July 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To describe the characteristics of patients with pinguecula between the ages of 20 and 39.

Methods

Thirty-two patients who visited our hospital between February 2013 and November 2013 for pinguecula were enrolled in the study. The clinical characteristics were evaluated by the location, size, shape, elevation, color, vascularization and the grade of pingueculae.

Results

Ninety-eight pingueculae were found in the 32 patients, 58 (59.18%) pingueculae on the nasal side, and 40 (40.82%) pingueculae on the temporal side. The mean grade of pingueculae of the nasal side was 1.19 ± 0.40 and on the temporal side was 1.15 ± 0.43. Compared with the temporal side, pingueculae on the nasal side were more frequent (p = 0.032). The size, color, shape and vascularization of nasal and temporal pingueculae were not significantly differentiated. Medical history, tear film break-up time, Schirmer test, history of contact lens wearing, refractive surgery, occupational activity and residence were not correlated with the grade of pingueculae. However, ocular surface disease index score was correlated with the grade of nasal pingueculae (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The pingueculae of the nasal side were more frequent than of the temporal side in patients between 20 and 39 years of age, and dry eye disease with tear film instability was also present. The ocular surface disease index score increased with the grade of nasal pingueculae.

Keywords: Clinical, Epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland, Radiologic findings

References

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Figure 1.

Grading system of pinguecula. No pinguecula (A) is categorized into Grade P (0), mild and moderate pinguecula (B) is categorized into Grade P (1), severe pinguecula (C) is categorized into Grade P (2). Grade P = Grade of pingueculae.

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients with pinguecula of 20 to 39 years of age

	Patients (n = 32)	Correlation with grade of nasal pinguecula (p-value)	Correlation with grade of temporal pinguecula (p-value)
Age (years)	32.81 ± 4.84
Sex (Male/Female)	6/26
Systemic disease
Thyroid disease^* (%)	1 (3.1)	0.94	0.38
Occupational activity^†		0.79	0.30
Indoor (%)	27 (84.4)
Outdoor (%)	5 (15.6)
Residence (years)^†		0.83	0.42
Urban^‡	22.75 ± 12.7
Rural^§	10.06 ± 12
History
Contact lens wear^* (%)	18 (56.2)	0.13	1.00
Refractive surgery^* (%)	9 (28.1)	0.13	0.19
Tear film and meibomian gland findings
Tear film break-up time^† (sec)	4.75 ± 2.41	0.82	0.22
Schirmer test^† (mm)	9.12 ± 6.62	0.70	0.27
Ocular surface disease index score ^†	26.00 ± 16.87	0.01	0.38
Grade of meibomian gland dysfunction^†	0.56 ± 0.61	0.75	0.63

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

^* Statistical significance test was done by Mann-Whitney U-test;

^† Statistical significance test was done by Spearman corrleation;

^‡ Population ≥ 0.2 million;

^§ Population < 0.2 million.

Table 2.

Profile of pinguecula by location

	Nasal	Temporal	p-value
Number by location (%)	58 (59.18)	40 (40.82)
Grade	1.19 ± 0.4	1.18 ± 0.39	0.86^*
P (1)	47 (81.03)	33 (82.5)
P (2)	11 (18.97)	7 (17.5)
Size
Horizontal diameter (mm)	2.43 ± 0.93	2.83 ± 1.36	0.09^*
Vertical diameter (mm)	2.13 ± 0.65	2.21 ± 1.6	0.72^*
Average diameter (mm)	2.28 ± 0.69	2.52 ± 1.1	0.18^*
Color			0.69 ^†
White (%)	17 (29.31)	14 (35)
Yellowish white (%)	27 (46.55)	19 (47.5)
Yellow (%)	14 (24.14)	7 (17.5)
Brown (%)	0	0
Elevation			0.03 ^†
Flat (%)	12 (20.69)	18 (45)
Slight elevation (%)	26 (44.83)	14 (35)
Noticeable elevation (%)	20 (34.48)	8 (20)
Vascularization			0.13 ^†
Mild (%)	28 (48.27)	26 (65)
Moderate (%)	21 (36.21)	7 (17.5)
Severe (%)	9 (15.52)	7 (17.5)
Shape			0.11 ^†
Triangular (%)	13 (22.41)	14 (35)
Circular (%)	15 (25.86)	4(10)
Oval (%)	30 (51.73)	22 (55)

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

Grade P = Grade of pingueculae.

^* Statistical significance test was done by two-sample Studenf's t-test;

^† Statistical significance test was done by Pearson chi-square test.

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