Peripheral Vascular Leakage Findings of Asymptomatic Eyes Based on Fluorescein Angiography

Sang Hyup Lee; Yong Un Shin; Byung Ro Lee; Myung Kyoo Ko

doi:10.3341/jkos.2014.55.7.1017

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Lee, Shin, Lee, and Ko: Peripheral Vascular Leakage Findings of Asymptomatic Eyes Based on Fluorescein Angiography

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(7):1017-1023.

Published online: 30 August 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2014.55.7.1017

Peripheral Vascular Leakage Findings of Asymptomatic Eyes Based on Fluorescein Angiography

Sang Hyup Lee, MD¹, Yong Un Shin, MD, PhD¹, Byung Ro Lee, MD, PhD¹, Myung Kyoo Ko, MD, PhD²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

²Department of Ophthalmology, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea

Address reprint requests to Sang Hyup Lee, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Medical Center, #222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea, Tel: 82-2-2290-8570, Fax: 82-2-2291-8517 E-mail: stynel@nate.com

Received 1 November 2013 Revised 29 January 2014 Accepted 10 June 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To report peripheral vascular retinal leakage findings of asymptomatic eyes based on fluorescein angiography, and investigate the associated factors.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from 47 subjects (94 eyes) and the peripheral leakage results based on fluorescein angiography were analyzed. The relationship between peripheral leakage findings and other factors including- arm-retinal circulation time (ARCT) and venous filling time (VFT), refractive error, age, hypertension, and diabetes- was evaluated.

Results

Ten eyes had peripheral leakage (21.3%). The mean age was 34.7 ± 7.86 years in the non-leakage group and 44.3 ± 9.63 years in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The mean spherical equivalent was −2.85 ± 2.71 diopter in the non-leakage group and −3.46 ± 3.62 diopter in the leakage group; the difference between the groups were not significant (p = 0.471). The mean ARCT was 10.50 ± 2.06 seconds in the non-leakage group and 11.76 ± 2.47 seconds in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.041). The mean VFT was 9.70 ± 1.91 seconds in the non-leakage group and 10.75 ± 1.40 seconds in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.048).

Conclusions

Peripheral leakage can be found in asymptomatic eyes. Age, VFT, and ARCT were correlated to peripheral leakage findings based on angiography. These leakage findings were thought to be related with histological properties and physiological changes in peripheral retina.

Keywords: Arm-retinal circulation time, Fluorescein angiography, Peripheral leakage, Venous filling time

References

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Figure 1.

Peripheral leakage patterns in fluorescein angiography. (A) Temporal localized leakage. (B) Leakage in multiple directions (3 quadrants). (C) Leakage in two directions (temporal, inferonasal).

Figure 2.

Distribution of associative factors classified according to leakage. (A) Distribution of age, (B) distribution of arm-retinal circulation time (ARCT), (C) distribution of venous filling time (VFT).

Figure 3.

Graph of Spearman correlation analysis. (A) Age versus venous filling time (VFT), (B) age versus arm-retinal circulation time (ARCT), (C) arm-retinal circulation time (ARCT) versus venous filling time (VFT).

Table 1.

Patient demographics at the time of angiography

	No leakage (n = 37)	Leakage (n = 10)	Total (n = 47)	p-value
Mean age (years)	34.7 ± 7.86	44.3 ± 9.63	36.3 ± 8.92	0.001^*
M:F ratio (n)	17:20	3:2	23:24
Spherical equivalent (diopter)	-2.85 ± 2.71	-3.46 ± 3.62	-2.96 ± 2.87	0.471^*
Circulation parameters
Mean ARCT	10.5 ± 2.06	11.8 ± 2.47	10.7 ± 2.17	0.041
Mean VFT	9.70 ± 1.91	10.75 ± 1.40	9.88 ± 1.87	0.048^*
Underlying disease
Hypertension (%)	8 (21.6)	4 (40.0)	12 (25.5)	0.237^†
Diabetes (%)	7 (18.9)	2 (20)	9 (19.1)	0.939^†

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

ARCT = arm-retinal circulation time; VFT = venous filling time.

^* p-value: statistical significance was calculated by independent-sample t-test;

^† p-value: statistical significance was calculated by Pearson's chi-square test.

Table 2.

Location of leakage point

Leakage location	Number of eyes
Nasal	1
Inferotemporal	4
Temporal	1
Superonasal	2
Two point (temporal, inferonasal)	1
Multiple directions	1^*

^* Patients had bilateral lesions.

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