Clinical Features of Pinguecula in North-Western Gyeonggi Province

Hoon Shin Kyung; Won Kwon Ji

doi:10.3341/jkos.2013.54.5.691

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Kyung and Ji: Clinical Features of Pinguecula in North-Western Gyeonggi Province

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(5):691-695.

Published online: 7 September 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.5.691

Clinical Features of Pinguecula in North-Western Gyeonggi Province

Hoon Shin Kyung, MD, Won Kwon Ji, MD, PhD

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea

Address reprint requests to Ji Won Kwon, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital #55 Hwasu-ro 14beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang 412-826, Korea Tel: 82-31-810-6250, Fax: 82-31-969-0500, E-mail: eyeminerva@naver.com

Received 21 July 20126 November 2012 Accepted 25 February 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the clinical features of pingueculae in North-western Gyeonggi Province.

Methods

In this prospective study, we determined the clinical features of pingueculae for 120 patients who visited our hos-pital due to pinguecula-related symptoms between October 2011 and May 2012.

Results

Among the 374 pingueculae of 120 patients, 208 (56%) pingueculae were found on the nasal side of the con-junctiva and 166 (44%) on the temporal side. The grade of the pingueculae on the temporal conjunctiva was 0.81 ± 0.626 and was 1.18 ± 0.648 on the nasal conjunctiva, which was higher ( p < 0.001). Pingueculae on the nasal conjunctiva showed greater elevation than on the temporal side ( p < 0.001). The horizontal and average diameters of the pingueculae on the nasal and temporal conjunctiva showed no significant difference, but the vertical diameters were 2.40 ± 0.88 mm and 2.14 ± 0.91 mm, respectively, showing the vertical diameter on the nasal conjunctiva was significantly greater ( p < 0.044). Moreover, the horizontal diameter of each pinguecula was greater than the vertical diameter ( p < 0.003).

Conclusions

The average grade of pingueculae in North-western Gyeonggi Province increased with age. Compared to the temporal pingueculae, the nasal pingueculae were more protrudent in shape and had higher grades. Furthermore, each pinguecula was oval-shaped with a larger horizontal than vertical diameter. The pingueculae on the temporal side were flatter and more oval-shaped.

Keywords: Clinical features, Diameter of pinguecula, Grade, Pinguecula

References

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Figure 1.

Grading system for pinguecula. Pinguecula was graded into three categories. (A) P (0); no pinguecula, (B) P (1); mild or moderate pinguecula, yellowish white, and flat or slightly elevated lesion with a maximum diameter <5 mm, (C) P (2); severe pin-guecula, highly vascularized and elevated lesion or large pinguecula with a diameter ≥5 mm.

Figure 2.

The relationship between age and average grade of pingueculae ( p < 0.001). The average grade of pingueculae was defined as an average of each pinguecula that exists in both eyes.

Table 1.

Grading system for pinguecula

Grade	Pinguecula
P (0)	No pinguecula
P (1)	Mild or moderate pinguecula, yellowish white, and flat or slightly elevated lesion with a maximum diameter <5 mm

P (2)	Severe pinguecula, highly vascularized and elevated lesion or large pinguecula with a diameter ≥5 mm

Table 2.

Clinical profile of the pinguecula patient

	Pinguecula patient (n = 120)
Age [years (range)]	51.37 ± 12.03 (26-75)
Men / Women (%)	44/76 (37/63)
Chief complaint
Cosmetic problem (%)	90 (75)
Injection (%)	12 (10)
Burning sensation (%)	10 (8.3)
Dryness (%)	8 (6.7)
Systemic disease
Hypertension (%)	26 (22)
DM (%)	14 (12)
Thyroid disease (%)	2 (2)
Hyperlipidemia (%)	0
Occupational activity
Indoor / outdoor (%)	84/36 (70/30)

Values are presented as mean ± SD (range) or n (%). SD = standard deviation; DM = diabetes mellitus.

Table 3.

Profile of pinguecula by location

		Number of patients (%) (n = 120)
Nasal and temporal of both eyes (4 quadrants)			62 (52)
Nasal and temporal of an eye and nasal or temporal of an eye (3 quadrants)		20 (17)
Nasal of both eyes (2 quadrants)			20 (17)
Temporal of both eyes (2 quadrants)			4 (3)
Nasal and temporal of an eye (2 quadrants)			4 (3)
Nasal of an eye (1 quadrant)			6 (5)
Temporal of an eye (1 quadrant)			4 (3)
	Nasal	Temporal	p-value
Number of pinguecula of both eyes (%) (n = 374)	208 (56)	166 (44)
Number of Pinguecula grade
P (1); mild or moderate pinguecula (%)	132 (63.5)	138 (83.1)
P (2); severe pinguecula (%)	76 (36.5)	28 (16.9)
Grade of pinguecula (mean ± SD)	1.18 ± 0.648	0.81 ± 0.626	<0.001^*
Number of color
White (%)	68 (32.7)	82 (49.4)
Yellowish white (%)	92 (44.2)	64 (38.6)
Yellow (%)	48 (23.1)	20 (12)
Brown (%)	0	0
Number of elevated appearance			<0.001^†
Flat (%)	48 (23.1)	94 (56.6)
Slight elevation (%)	94 (45.2)	58 (34.9)
Noticeable elevation (%)	66 (31.7)	14 (8.4)
Number of vascularized appearance
Mild (0-5; %)	154 (74)	150 (90.4)
Moderate (6-10; %)	26 (12.5)	12 (7.2)
Severe (>11; %)	28 (13.5)	4 (2.4)

^* Statistical significance test was done by Mann-Whitney U-test

^† Statistical significance test was done by Pearson chi-square test.

Table 4.

Profile of size by location

Nasal	Temporal	p-value
Horizontal diameter (mm) 2.53 ± 1.25	2.76 ± 1.37	0.238^*
(0.50-7.00)	(0.50-6.10)
2.40 ± 0.88 Vertical diameter (mm)	2.14 ± 0.91	0.044^*
(0.50-5.20)	(0.50-4.60)
2.47 ± 0.97 Average diameter (mm)	2.45 ± 1.06	0.899^*
(0.50-6.10)	(0.70-5.15)
Horizontal diameter	Vertical diameter	p-value
Nasal and temporal of pinguecula (mm) 2.63 ± 1.30	2.28 ± 0.89	0.003^*
(0.50-7.00)	(0.50-5.20)

Values are presented as mean ± SD (range).

^* Statistical significance test was done by two-sample Student’s t-test.

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