Analysis of Upper Eyelid Fat Pad Changes with Aging and Body Mass Index in Korean

Jae Moon Ahn; Lee Hwa; Jung Wan Kim; Min Wook Jang; Tae Soo Lee; Se Hyun Baek

doi:10.3341/jkos.2013.54.4.562

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Ahn, Hwa, Kim, Jang, Lee, and Baek: Analysis of Upper Eyelid Fat Pad Changes with Aging and Body Mass Index in Korean

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;54(4):562-567.

Published online: 24 August 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.4.562

Analysis of Upper Eyelid Fat Pad Changes with Aging and Body Mass Index in Korean

Jae Moon Ahn, MD¹, Lee Hwa, MD¹, Jung Wan Kim, MD¹, Min Wook Jang, MD¹, Tae Soo Lee, MD, PhD², Se Hyun Baek, MD, PhD^1,

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

²Nune Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Se Hyun Baek, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Asan Hospital #123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 425-707, Korea Tel: 82-31-412-5160, Fax: 82-31-414-8940, E-mail: shbaek6534@korea.ac.kr

Received 15 June 201211 August 2012 Accepted 23 January 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate differential changes in the central and nasal fat pads of the upper eyelid associated with aging and the effect of body mass index in Koreans.

Methods

Using a standardized scale, the volume grade of the central and nasal fat pads was graded from 0 to 3 (0 for depressed, 1 for flat, 2 for mildly protruded, and 3 for markedly protruded) in normal adults, consisting of 20 males and 20 females from 30 years of age to 80 years of age. The body mass index was calculated for every patient through interviews using their height and weight. Statistical evaluations correlating age and body mass index with central and nasal fat pad changes were performed. Statistical evaluations correlating age with fat pad changes except for the effect of body mass index were performed.

Results

Except for the effect of body mass index, the central fat pad increased (r = -0.176, p = 0.007) and nasal fat pad decreased (r = 0.252, p < 0.001) with aging, which was statistically significant.

Conclusions

With aging, the central fat pad increases and nasal fat pad decreases in the upper eyelid. Clinically, this finding has implications in cosmetic and functional upper eyelid blepharoplasty. In addition, the results may be useful to determine whether to conserve or remove the fat as well as the amount of fat removal during upper blepharoplasty.

Keywords: Age, Blepharoplasty, Body mass index, Fat, Upper eyelid

References

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Figure 1.

Volume grade of the central fat pad.

Figure 2.

Volume grade of the nasal fat pad.

Figure 3.

Chages of upper eyelid fat pad with aging.

Figure 4.

Changes of upper eyelid fat pad with the effect of BMI.

Table 1.

Average central and nasal fat pad grade in each age group

Age Group (years)	Average score for indicated fat pad	p-value
Central	Nasal
20-29	1.075 ± 0.764	1.100 ± 0.304	0.800
30-39	1.225 ± 0.620	1.150 ± 0.427	0.412
40-49	1.150 ± 0.834	1.050 ± 0.749	0.457
50-59	1.025 ± 0.974	1.200 ± 0.723	0.242
60-69	0.975 ± 1.209	1.300 ± 0.939	0.079
70-79	0.950 ± 0.815	1.850 ± 0.949	<0.01*

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

By paired t-test.

^* p < 0.05.

Table 2.

Average central and nasal fat pad grade in each BMI group

BMI Group (kg/m2)	Average score for indicated fat pad
Central	Nasal
BMI < 18	0.375 ± 0.518	1.000 ± 0.535
≤BMI<20	0.667 ± 0.530	0.949 ± 0.560
≤BMI<22	0.672 ± 0.600	1.213 ± 0.635
≤BMI<24	0.911 ± 0.815	1.179 ± 0.664
≤BMI<26	1.111 ± 0.885	1.244 ± 0.908
≤BMI<28	1.462 ± 0.706	1.500 ± 0.860
≤BMI<30	1.944 ± 0.998	1.667 ± 0.767
≤ BMI	2.364 ± 0.809	1.909 ± 0.831

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 3.

Changes of central and nasal fat pad with aging

	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Central fat pad	-0.091	0.159
Nasal fat pad	+0.273	<0.001*

By Pearson's correlation.

^* p < 0.05

Table 4.

Changes of central and nasal fat pad with the effect of BMI

	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Central fat pad	+0.515	<0.001*
Nasal fat pad	+0.307	<0.001*

By Pearson's correlation.

^* p < 0.05.

Table 5.

Changes of central and nasal fat pad with aging, ex-cept the effect of BMI

	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Central fat pad	-0.176	0.007*
Nasal fat pad	+0.252	<0.001*

By partial correlation.

^* p < 0.05.

Table 6.

Changes of central and nasal fat pad with aging, except the effect of BMI

	Without double fold	With double fold
Correlation coefficient	p-value	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Central fat pad	-0.186	0.007*	-0.030	0.879
Nasal fat pad	0.285	<0.001*	-0.217	0.259

By partial correlation.

^* p < 0.05.

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