Clinical Characteristics of Intraocular Foreign Body and Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Kyu Young Shim; Yoon Jeon Kim; June Gone Kim; Young Hee Yoon; Joo Yong Lee

doi:10.3341/jkos.2013.54.3.456

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Shim, Kim, Kim, Yoon, and Lee: Clinical Characteristics of Intraocular Foreign Body and Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;54(3):456-461.

Published online: 24 August 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.3.456

Clinical Characteristics of Intraocular Foreign Body and Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Kyu Young Shim¹, Yoon Jeon Kim, MD², June Gone Kim, MD², Young Hee Yoon, MD², Joo Yong Lee, MD^2,

¹University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

²Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Joo Yong Lee, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center #88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Tel: 82-2-3010-3680, Fax: 82-2-470-6440, E-mail: ophthalmo@amc.seoul.kr

Received 3 February 20128 September 2012 Accepted 19 January 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate clinical characteristics of post-traumatic intraocular foreign body (IOFB), which occurred between 2006 and 2010, and prognostic factors associated with final visual outcome.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with IOFB who visited our clinic from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010, and who were followed up for more than 6 months. Cross tabulation and correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive factors related to final visual acuity.

Results

A total of 36 eyes (35 patients) were included in this study. The mean age was 44.2 years, and 33 patients (94.3%) were male. The most common cause of IOFB was lawnmower-related activity (12 patients; 33.3%) and hammering-related activity (11 patients; 30.1%). Among analyzed prognostic factors, only initial visual acuity was significantly correlated with visual outcomes (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Compared with previous studies, lawnmower and hammering-related activities were still the most common causes of IOFB, however, the incidence of occurrence in the 40's and 50's was relatively higher than in previous studies. Considering the poor visual outcome of IOFB even after proper surgical treatment, using proper eye protection should be emphasized in a dangerous work environment to prevent ocular trauma.

Keywords: Intraocular foreign body, Open-globe Injury, Prognostic factor

References

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Figure 1.

Correlation between initial visual acuity and final visual acuity. Visual acuity was converted to log MAR (R = 0.644, p-value: < 0.001). VA = visual acuity.

Table 1.

Demographic features

Age (years) (n = 35)
Mean ± SD (range)	44.2 ± 11.8 (23-65)
Age distributions	Gender	Total (%)
	Male (%)	Female (%)
<30	5 (15)	1 (50)	6 (17)
30-39	6 (18)	1 (50)	7 (20)
40-49	8 (24)	0 (0)	8 (23)
50-59	10 (30)	0 (0)	10 (29)
>60	4 (12)	0 (0)	4 (12)
Total	33 (100)	2 (100)	35 (100)
Gender (n = 35)
Male (%)	33 (94.3)
Female (%)	2 (5.7)
Follow up period (month) (n = 36)
Mean ± SD (range)	34.1 ± 24.0 (6-93)

SD = standard deviation.

Table 2.

Characteristics and oular findings in eyes with intraocular foreign body (n = 36)

Cause of IOFB	Number (%)
Lawnmower	12 (33.3)
Hammering	11 (30.1)
Explosion	5 (13.9)
Drilling	2 (5.6)
Stinging	1 (2.8)
Others	5 (13.9)
Property
Metal (Magnetic)	22 (61.1)
Metal (Non-magnetic)	2 (5.6)
Non-metal	12 (33.3)
Location
Anterior	10 (27.8)
Posterior	26 (72.2)
Inlet
Cornea	28 (77.8)
Sclera	8 (22.2)
Limbus	0 (0)
Length of IOFB
<3 mm	23 (63.9)
≥3 mm	13 (36.1)
Timing of IOFB removal
≤48 hr	31 (86.1)
>48 hr	5 (13.9)
Ocular Findings
Traumatic cataract	26 (72.2)
Hyphema	25 (69.4)
Vitreous hemorrhage	22 (61.1)
Iris damage	21 (58.3)
Endophthalmitis	8 (22.2)
Retinal tear	8 (22.2)

IOFB = intraocular foreign body.

Table 3.

Prognostic factors associated with poor visual outcome (visual acuity, <Snellen, 0.1)

Factors	Number (% in total)	Final VA (<Snellen, 0.1) Total No. (% in row)	p-value
Property
Metal (Magnetic)	22 (61.1)	13 (59.1)	0.86^*
Metal (Non-magnetic)	2 (5.6)	1 (50.0)
Non-metal	12 (33.3)	6 (50.0)
Location
Anterior	10 (27.8)	3 (30.0)	0.07^*
Posterior	26 (72.2)	17 (65.4)
Inlet
Cornea	28 (77.8)	17 (60.7)	0.42^*
Sclera	8 (22.2)	3 (37.5)
Limbus	0 (0)	0 (0)
Length of IOFB
<3 mm	23 (63.9)	10 (43.5)	0.08^*
≥3 mm	13 (36.1)	10 (76.9)
Timing of IOFB removal
≤48 hr	31 (86.1)	17 (54.8)	1.00^*
>48 hr	5 (13.9)	3 (60.0)
Ocular findings
Hyphema	25 (69.4)	16 (64.0)	0.16^*
Iris damage	21 (58.3)	14 (66.7)	0.11^†
Traumatic cataract	26 (72.2)	17 (65.3)	0.07^*
Vitreous hemorrhage	22 (61.1)	13 (59.1)	0.59^†
Endophthalmitis	8 (22.2)	5 (62.5)	0.71^*
Retinal tear	8 (22.2)	7 (87.5)	0.05^*

VA = visual acuity.

^* Fisher's exact test

^† Chi-Square test.

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