Effect of Orthokeratologic Lenses on Myopic Progression in Childhood

Ryung Kim Jae; Young Chung Tae; Hui Lim Dong; Hyun Bae Ji

doi:10.3341/jkos.2013.54.3.401

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Jae, Tae, Dong, and Ji: Effect of Orthokeratologic Lenses on Myopic Progression in Childhood

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;54(3):401-407.

Published online: 24 August 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.3.401

Effect of Orthokeratologic Lenses on Myopic Progression in Childhood

Ryung Kim Jae, MD, Young Chung Tae, MD, PhD, Hui Lim Dong, MD, Hyun Bae Ji, MD

Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Tae Young Chung, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center #81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea Tel: 82-2-3410-3569, Fax: 82-2-3410-0074, E-mail: tychung@skku.edu

Received 26 July 2006 Accepted 8 May 2007

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The present study assessed the influence of overnight orthokeratology (ortho-k) on the myopic progression in Korean children and analyzed factors affecting myopic progression.

Methods

The ortho-k group was comprised of 31 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria for ortho-k. In the ortho-k group, spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was measured at baseline, and after 2 weeks, 6 and 12 months. The control group was comprised of 31 patients who were matched according to age, gender, and baseline SER of the ortho-k subjects.

Results

In the ortho-k group, the mean ± SD changes in SER from 2 weeks to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, and 2 weeks to 12 months were -0.17 ± 0.50 D, -0.04 ± 0.76 D, and -0.21 ± 0.78 D, respectively. In the control group, the changes in SER from baseline to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, and baseline to 12 months were -0.38 ± 0.42 D, -0.44 ± 0.38 D, and -0.82 ± 0.68 D, respectively. Significant differences were found between changes in SER from 6 to 12 months and from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). In the ortho-k group, relationships between the changes of SER for 1 year and the numeric values of baseline measurements were analyzed. When comparing the results between the group of SER change ≥ -0.5 D with the group of SER change < -0.5 D, numeric values of white-to-white diameters of the 2 groups were different, and a significant correlation was found between the range of SER change and the white-to-white diameter (Pearson's r = -0.471, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Ortho-k is effective for slowing myopic progression. The smaller the white-to-white diameter, the slower the myopic progression could be.

Keywords: Orbit, Myopic progression, Overnight orthokeratology, Spherical equivalent refractive error, White-to-white diameter

References

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Figure 1.

The change of spherical equivalent refractive errors for 6 months and 12 months. In ortho-k group, the mean±SD changes in SER from 2 weeks to 6 months and 2 weeks to 12 months were -0.17 ± 0.50 D and -0.21 ± 0.78 D, respectively. In the control group, the changes in SER from baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months were -0.38 ± 0.42 D and -0.82 ± 0.68 D, respectively. ^*Spherical equivalent refractive error.

Figure 2.

The change of spherical equivalent refractive errors for one year and white-to-white diameters at baseline. The change of spherical equivalent refractive errors (SER) for one year was calculated by subtracting baseline SER from SER of 12 months. A significant correlation was found between the change of SER for one year and white-to-white diameters at baseline (Pearson's r=-0.471, p=0.008). ^*Spherical equivalent refractive error.

Table 1.

Baseline Data of 31 Orthokeratology and 31 Control Groups

	OK (n=31)	Control (n=31)	p-value
Sex (M : F)	22 : 9	22 : 9	1.000^†
Age (mean ± SD, years)	8.58 ± 1.73	8.42 ± 1.75	0.716^‡
SER^* (mean ± SD, D)	-2.54 ± 1.54	-2.54 ± 1.59	0.992^‡

^* Spherical equivalent refractive error;

^† Chi square test;

^‡ Unpaired t-test.

Table 2.

Changes of the Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error (D) at Each Stage of the Study of 31 Orthokeratology and 31 Control Groups

	OK (D) (n=31)	Control (D) (n=31)	p-value^†
Baseline (Initial^*) to 6 months	-0.17 ± 0.50	-0.38 ± 0.42	0.069
6 months to 12 months	-0.04 ± 0.76	-0.44 ± 0.38	0.011
Baseline (Initial^*) to 12 months	-0.21 ± 0.78	-0.82 ± 0.68	0.002

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

^* Initial spherical equivalent refractive errors of OK groups were measured after two weeks of using OK lens;

^† Unpaired t-test.

Table 3.

Comparison between myopic progression and non-progression groups

	Myopic progression group (n = 14)	Myopic non-progression group (n = 17)	p-value
SER^* changes during 1-year (D)	-0.87 ± 0.37	0.35 ± 0.58	0.000^†
Gender (male : female)	9 : 5	13 : 4	0.693^‡
Age (year)	8.43 ± 1.99	8.71 ± 1.53	0.570^†
Baseline SER (D)	-2.44 ± 1.76	-2.63 ± 1.39	0.518^†
Axial length (mm)	24.63 ± 0.52	24.78 ± 0.88	0.449^†
Central corneal thickness (#x00B5;m)	535 ± 37	529 ± 40	0.779^†
K_max (D)	42.8 ± 1.6	43.1 ± 1.4	0.570^†
K_min (D)	42. 0 ± 1.4	42.2 ± 1.2	0.860^†
Sim K's astigmatism (D)	0.8 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.3	0.138^†
Anterior BFS^§ (D)	41.5 ± 1.2	41.6 ± 1.2	0.739^†
Posterior BFS^§ (D)	51.0 ± 1.7	51.7 ± 1.8	0.518^†
Eccentricity (e)	0.52 ± 0.22	0.52 ± 0.17	0.984^†
ACD^ύ (mm)	3.25 ± 0.21	3.17 ± 0.08	30.316^†
VCD^≠ (mm)	21.39 ± 0.52	21.61 ± 0.90	0.101^†
White-to-White diameter (mm)	11.96 ± 0.29	11.66 ± 0.28	0.008^†
Pupil Diameter (mm)	4.49 ± 0.67	4.22 ± 0.35	0.297^†

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

^* Spherical equivalent refractive error;

^† Mann-Whitney U-test;

^‡ Chi-Square test;

^§ Best fit sphere;

^ύ Anterior chamber depth;

^≠ Vitreous chamber depth.

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