Quality of Life after Strabismus Surgery

Su Ah Kim; Hye Bin Yim

doi:10.3341/jkos.2013.54.9.1407

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Kim and Yim: Quality of Life after Strabismus Surgery

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2013;54(9):1407-1415.

Published online: 7 September 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2013.54.9.1407

Quality of Life after Strabismus Surgery

Su Ah Kim, MD, Hye Bin Yim, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea

Address reprint requests to Hye Bin Yim, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, #56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 403-720, Korea Tel: 82-32-280-5110, Fax: 82-32-280-5118 E-mail: yimhb@catholic.ac.kr

Received 15 February 201313 April 2013 Accepted 27 June 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the effect of strabismus surgery on the quality of life by performing a quality of life-related health survey.

Methods

This study was comprised of 213 patients (163 patients under 15 years of age, and 50 patients over 15 years of age). After strabismus surgery, patients were asked to complete a standardized confidential questionnaire which eval-uated the quality of life and specific concerns related to the surgery.

Results

There was a significant change in the quality of life after strabismus surgery in both groups. No patient reported decreased quality of life after the surgery. Significant score improvement related to the questions designed to evaluate vision, stereopsis, diplopia and social relation was observed (p < 0.05). The number of surgeries did not affect the quality of life postoperatively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that change in the quality of life had significant correlation with social relationships (in both groups) and income (only in patients under 15 years of age). Surgery cost was the most common burden to strabismus patients.

Conclusions

The present study showed that strabismus surgery significantly improves quality of life. Scores evaluating the change in quality of life did show significant correlation with scores evaluating social relationships and income.

Keywords: Quality of life, Questionnaire, Strabismus surgery

References

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Figure 1.

Percentage of patients who showed improvement (blued), no change (green) and worsening (red) of the general quality of life (A), ocular health (B) and social impediment (C) according to patient’s self assessment.

Figure 3.

Comparison between two groups regarding to the reply to questionnaire which asked (A) What is the most bothering aspect of strabismus to your child? (B) What is the most challenging as-pect of strabismus treatment? (C) What would you like to tell to the doctors or medical policy makers regarding strabismus surgery? (Patients less than 15 years old) (D) What is the most bothering aspect of strabismus to you? (E) What would you like to tell to the doctors or medical policy makers regarding strabismus surgery? (Patients more than 15 years old).

Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of the study patients

Demographic characteristic	Age < 15	Age ≥ 15
Number of patients	163	50
Age (years)	7.70 ± 2.92	25.58 ± 12.21
Gender (Male/Female)	87/76	23/27
Number of strabismus surgeries	1.23 ± 0.50	1.34 ± 0.68

Socioeconomic characteristic	Parents, No. (%)	Patients, No. (%)
Educational level
Elementary school	3 (1.8)	0
Middle school	7 (4.3)	13 (26.0)
High school	69 (42.3)	27 (54.0)
College	80 (49.1)	8 (16.0)
Graduated school	4 (2.5)	2 (4.0)
Yearly family income (million Korean won)
<20	34 (20.9)	21 (42.0)
20-40	65 (39.9)	12 (24.0)
40-70	51 (31.3)	12 (24.0)
70-100	9 (5.5)	4 (8.0)
>100	4 (2.4)	1 (2.0)

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 2.

Univariate analysis of changes in score evaluated before and after strabismus surgery according to patient self assessment

	Age	Score before operation	Score after operation	p-value
Visual Acuity	<15	17.08 ± 4.01	18.52 ± 3.69	<0.05
	>15	17.44 ± 5.16	19.70 ± 4.33	<0.05
Stereopsis	<15	33.52 ± 5.98	35.01 ± 4.96	<0.05
	>15	41.88 ± 9.15	43.80 ± 6.45	<0.05
Diplopia	<15	18.66 ± 4.46	20.69 ± 3.49	<0.05
	>15	17.56 ± 5.55	20.66 ± 3.88	<0.05
Appearance and social interaction	<15	22.96 ± 4.63	26.71 ± 3.56	<0.05
	>15	27.12 ± 10.51	37.44 ± 9.27	<0.05

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of factors affecting the quality of life after strabismus surgery according to the patient’s self assess-ment (patients age < 15, Multiple linear regression analysis)

Model	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients Beta	t	Sig.
	B	Sth. Error	Standardized Coefficients Beta	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	0.557	0.537		1.037	0.301
Visual Acuity	0.008	0.011	0.064	0.723	0.471
Stereopsis	0.019	0.013	0.143	1.458	0.147
Diplopia	-0.001	0.011	-0.007	-0.076	0.940
Appearance and social interaction	0.024	0.009	0.230	2.646	0.009
Age	-0.007	0.021	-0.048	-0.353	0.725
Gender	0.054	0.068	0.060	0.789	0.432
Family history	-0.139	0.092	-0.117	-1.505	0.134
Number of operations	0.038	0.070	0.043	0.547	0.585
Type of strabismus	-0.109	0.116	-0.077	-0.935	0.351
Education level (patient)	-0.063	0.083	-0.105	-0.759	0.449
Education level (parents)	-0.048	0.043	-0.084	-1.101	0.273
Income	0.110	0.039	0.229	2.792	0.006
Oriental medicine history	0.175	0.214	0.061	0.816	0.416

Table 4.

Multivariate analysis of factors affecting the quality of life after strabismus surgery according to the patient’s self assess-ment (patients age > 15, Multiple linear regression analysis)

Model	Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
Model	B	Std. Error	Beta	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	1.876	0.715		2.625	0.013
Visual Acuity	0.028	0.023	0.298	1.204	0.237
Stereopsis	0.004	0.019	0.047	0.198	0.844
Diplopia	-0.023	0.020	-0.271	-1.149	0.259
Appearance and social interaction	0.022	0.009	0.463	2.433	0.020
Age	0.001	0.006	0.037	0.234	0.817
Gender	-0.170	0.149	-0.180	-1.138	0.263
Family history	-0.126	0.186	-0.102	-0.677	0.503
Number of operations	0.090	0.111	0.134	0.805	0.426
Type of strabismus	-0.055	0.176	-0.053	-0.313	0.756
Education level (patient)	-0.035	0.053	-0.117	-0.663	0.512
Income	-0.012	0.071	-0.028	-0.169	0.867
Oriental medicine history	-0.692	0.497	-0.214	-1.393	0.173

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