Research on Ocular Fatigability Induced by Multimedia and Instrument Features

Yoon Soo Jang; Ungsoo Samuel Kim; Seung-Hee Baek; Yong Ran Kim; Sang Mook Gong

doi:10.3341/jkos.2012.53.5.689

Journal List > J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > v.53(5) > 1009358

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Jang, Kim, Baek, Kim, and Gong: Research on Ocular Fatigability Induced by Multimedia and Instrument Features

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2012; 53(5): 689-693.

Published online: 16 May 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.5.689

Research on Ocular Fatigability Induced by Multimedia and Instrument Features

Yoon Soo Jang, MD, Ungsoo Samuel Kim, MD, Seung-Hee Baek, MD, PhD, Yong Ran Kim, MD, Sang Mook Gong, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Ungsoo Samuel Kim, MD. Kim's Eye Hospital, #136 Yeongsin-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-034, Korea. Tel: 82-1577-2639, Fax: 82-2-2677-9214, ungsookim@kimeye.com

Received 15 April 2011 Accepted 24 March 2012

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different features of such instruments and how they cause ocular fatigability.

Methods

Under the same settings and circumstances, 75 participants were asked to read the novel, "You without me?" in different formats including paper book, E-book (biscuit®, Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea) and LCD reader (iPad®, Apple Inc., United States). For every 10 minutes of reading, 10 minutes of rest was provided. After finishing the novel, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using univariate analysis.

Results

Compared to paper book readers (1.93), LCD readers (2.40) complained of insufficient lubrication in the eye (p = 0.038), and experience more letter-floating illusions (1.92) than did paper book readers (1.49) (p = 0.043). Moreover, compared to the other formats including the E-book (20%) and paper book (8%), LCD readers (72%) experienced more significant glare symptoms (n = 23) and could read at a faster rate than the other groups of readers (n = 26).

Conclusions

In the present study, the I-Pad caused ocular fatigability more easily than the other formats examined. No statistical significance of ocular discomfort or fatigability was observed among the different format groups. Further investigation with a greater number of age-controlled participants should be conducted prior to designing a study to determine the best format for reading.

Keywords: Dry eye syndrome, E-book, I-Pad, Ocular fatigability

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

The devices. A, paper book. B, LCD reader (iPad®, Apple Inc., United States). C, E-book (biscuit®, Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea).

Table 1

Questionnaire for answer of each medium

Table 2

Questionnaire for comparison between media

Table 3

Questionnaire for diagnosis of dry eye syndrome

Table 4

The Result of Questionnaire-points

Values are presented as Ave ± SD.

0: None-4: Severe.

Table 5

The result of questionnaire: p-value

^*Biscuit®, Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea; ^†iPad®, Apple Inc., USA.

Table 6

Number of subjects who choose the highest point in questionnaire

Table 7

Questionnaire and the result of convenience of medium (targeting subjects who have dry eye syndrome)

References

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