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Jang, Choi, Kim, Chang, and Park: Amblyogenic Risk Factors in Primary Family Members of Patients with Exotropia
Original Article
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2012; 53(5): 681-688.

Published online: 16 May 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.5.681

Amblyogenic Risk Factors in Primary Family Members of Patients with Exotropia

Sun Young Jang, MD1, Youn Joo Choi, MD1, So Young Kim, MD2, Jee Ho Chang, MD, PhD3, Song-hee Park, MD, PhD1

Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

1Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.

3Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Song-hee Park, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, #59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-743, Korea. Tel: 82-2-709-9356, Fax: 82-2-798-7797, scheye@schmc.ac.kr

Received 29 December 2010       Accepted 2 April 2012

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Ophthalmological Society

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors in the primary family members (parents, siblings) of patients with exotropia.

Methods

The authors of the present study examined primary family members including parents and siblings of 58 exotropia patients in our clinic. Best corrected visual acuity, refractive error, and cover-uncover test were performed. A total of 49 normal children's family members (control group) were examined in a similar manner. The prevalence of significant ocular findings were determined and compared to the control group.

Results

In 58 eligible families (153 subjects except proband), 65.4% had significant ocular findings: In parents, anisometopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and strabismus were found at a rate of 18.1%, 31.1%, 2.5%, and 11.2%, respectively. In siblings, anisometropia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and strabismus were found at a rate of 24.3%, 24.3%, 5.4%, and 18.9%, respectively. Compared to the control group, in parents of exotropia patients, anisometropia, astigmastim, and strabismus were observed at a higher rate. In siblings, anisometropia, and strabismus were observed at a higher rate.

Conclusions

Primary family members of exotropia patients have a high prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors. The present study offers rationale for providing comprehensive eye exams for parents and children with a family history of exotropia.

Keywords: Amblyogenic risk factor, Exotropia, Family history, Refractive error

Figures and Tables

Table 1
Prevalence comparison of anisometropoia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and strabismus between parents of exotropic patient group and parents of control group
jkos-53-681-i001

Values are presented as number (%).

*Calculated by Pearson Chi-square test; †Calculated by Fisher's Exact Test.

Table 2
Prevalence comparison of anisometropoia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and strabismus between siblings of exotropic patient group and siblings of control group
jkos-53-681-i002

Values are presented as number (%).

*Calculated by Fisher's Exact Test.

Table 3
Selected past prevalence data for adult population
jkos-53-681-i003

NR = not reported.

*Difference of spherical equivalent between both eyes defined greater than 1.0 diopter; †Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 0.75 diopter at least one eye; ‡Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 1.0 diopter at least one eye; §Hyperopia defined as spherical lens greater than 1.0 diopter; Hyperopia defined as spherical lens greater than 2.0 diopter; #Intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands; **Mean age.

Table 4
Selected past prevalence data for siblings data
jkos-53-681-i004

NR = not reported

*Difference of spherical equivalent between both eyes defined greater than 1.0 diopter; †Difference of spherical equibvalent between both eyes defined greater than 1.5 diopter; ‡Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 0.75 diopter; §Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 1.0 diopter; Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 1.0 or 1.5 diopter depending on axis; #Astigmatism defined as cylinder diopter greater than 2.0 diopter; **Hyperopia defined as spherical lens greater than 2.0 diopter; ††Hyperopia defined as spherical lens greater than 3.5 diopter; ‡‡Prevalence data of age matched weighted population estimates obtained from Shah et al's paper1.

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