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Moon, Wang, and Park: Anthropometric Measurements of Soft-Tissue Orbits in Korean Newborns
Original Article
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2012; 53(10): 1385-1391.

Published online: 17 October 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2012.53.10.1385

Anthropometric Measurements of Soft-Tissue Orbits in Korean Newborns

Daruchi Moon, MD, Dong Hyun Wang, MD, Song Hee Park, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Song Hee Park, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, #59 Daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-743, Korea. Tel: 82-2-709-9354, Fax: 82-2-798-7797, scheye@schmc.ac.kr

Received 24 February 2012       Accepted 5 August 2012

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Ophthalmological Society

Abstract

Purpose

To establish a database of the anthropometric measurements of soft-tissue orbits in Korean newborns.

Methods

A total of 69 normal term newborns (39 males, 30 females) in the first 48 hours after delivery, were included in the present study. Anthropometric measurements of soft-tissue orbits were taken with vernier calipers by one of the authors. With eyes closed, horizontal eyelid fissure length (HFL), lower lid height (LLH), upper lid height (ULH), intercanthal distance (ICD), and inter-outercanthal distance (IOCD) were measured and with eyes opened with a speculum, the interpupillary distance (IPD) was measured.

Results

There was no significant difference between either sex or between the right and left eyes. HFL was 20.8 ± 1.2 mm, LLH and ULH were 11.1 ± 2.3 and 16.5 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; ICD, IPD, and IOCD were 22.9 ± 2.1 mm, 39.8 ± 3.0 mm, and 65.3 ± 5.8 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

Anthropometric measurements of normal Korean newborns' soft-tissue orbits in the present study can be used as basic data for the proper evaluation and growth of soft-tissue orbits.

Keywords: Anthropometric difference, Anthropometric measurement, Newborns

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Ocular measurements. HFL = horizontal fissure length. LLH = lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance). ULH = upper lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the upper eyebrow distance). ICD = intercanthal distance. IPD = interpupillary distance. IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.
jkos-53-1385-g001
Figure 2
Schematic image of measurements between the two eyes. LLH = Lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance). ICD = intercanthal distance. IPD = interpupillary distance. IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.
jkos-53-1385-g002
Table 1
The means of the gestational age, the head circumference diameter, the height and the birth weight of the cases
jkos-53-1385-i001

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

*p<0.05 (t-test).

Table 2
The means of measurements according to the sex
jkos-53-1385-i002

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

HFL = horizontal fissure length; LLH = lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance); ULH = upper lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the upper eyebrow distance); ICD = intercanthal distance; IPD = interpupillary distance; IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.

*p<0.05 (t-test).

Table 3
The means of measurements of right and left eye to the sex
jkos-53-1385-i003

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

HFL = horizontal fissure length; LLH = lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance); ULH = upper lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the upper eyebrow distance).

*p<0.05 (t-test).

Table 4
The means of measurements of image files (opened eye and closed eye)
jkos-53-1385-i004

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

HFL = horizontal fissure length; LLH = lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance); ICD = intercanthal distance; IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.

*p<0.05 (t-test).

Table 5
The means of measurements by calipers and image files (closed eye)
jkos-53-1385-i005

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

HFL = horizontal fissure length; LLH = lower lid height (free edge of the eyelid to the lower eyebrow distance); ICD = intercanthal distance; IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.

*p < 0.01 (t-test); †p < 0.05 (t-test).

Table 6
Horizontal fissure length in newborns of various ethnic groups
jkos-53-1385-i006

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

HFL = horizontal fissure length.

Table 7
Intercanthal distance in newborns of various ethnic groups
jkos-53-1385-i007

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

ICD = intercanthal distance.

Table 8
The index of measurements of various ethnic groups (newborns)
jkos-53-1385-i008

ICD = intercanthal distance; IOCD = inter-outercanthal distance.

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