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Lee and Choi: Clinical Manifestations of Amblyopia in Siblings
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(4):477-482.

Published online: 6 September 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/JKOS.2011.52.4.477

Clinical Manifestations of Amblyopia in Siblings

Kyoungsook Lee, M.D., Mi Young Choi, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea

Address reprint requests to Mi Young Choi, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital #410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 361-711, Korea Tel: 82-43-269-6335, Fax: 82-43-264-5263, E-mail: mychoi@chungbuk.ac.kr

Received 22 January 201017 November 2010       Accepted 15 February 2011

Copyright © 2011 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of amblyopia between amblyopic siblings.

Methods

Siblings diagnosed with monocular amblyopia were included in the present study and were classified into older and younger groups according to age. All siblings were treated for amblyopia for at least three months. The age at diagnosis, type of amblyopia, and visual acuities of the amblyopic eye and sound eye were compared between the two groups. The therapeutic results were analyzed.

Results

The age at diagnosis of 13 sibling pairs was 4.7 ± 1.6 and 3.8 ± 1.6 years, a difference that was not statistically different (p = 0.169). Nine of 13 sibling pairs had the same type of amblyopia; anisometropic amblyopia in 7 pairs and strabismic amblyopia in 2 sibling pairs. There were no significant differences in the visual acuities of the amblyopic eye and sound eye at diagnosis. There were no differences in visual acuity or lines of improvement from baseline visual acuity in the amblyopic eye at the final follow-up.

Conclusions

Age at diagnosis, cause of amblyopia, and visual acuities of the amblyopic and sound eyes were similar in siblings with monocular amblyopia. There was no difference in treatment results for amblyopia between siblings.

Keywords: Amblyopia, Anisometropia, Siblings, Strabismus

References

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Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
Type of Amb Sex Age at Dx (year) VA (logMAR) Strabismus (PD) Strabismus surgery Refractive error (Sph/Cyl) (D)
Amblyopic eye Sound eye
1A AA M 5.1 0.8 None No +2.50/‐0.50 +1.00/‐0.50
B AA F 5.4 0.4 None No +1.50/+0.75 0/0
2A AA M 6.8 0.8 None No +2.50/0 0/0
B SA M 5.4 0.9 ET (15) No +9.00/0 +8.75/0
3A AA F 5.6 0.6 None No +5.00/‐1.00 +1.00/0
B AA M 3.8 1.0 None No +4.00/0 0/0
4A AA M 5.5 0.7 None No ‐4.00/0 ‐1.25/0
B AA F 4.0 0.6 None No ‐1.00/+4.50 +1.50/+1.25
5A AA M 7.3 0.2 None No +5.00/+1.00 +3.75/+2.50
B AA F 3.3 0.7 None No +8.00/0 +4.00/0
6A AA F 3.3 1.0 None No 0/‐3.00 0/‐1.50
B CA M 0.8 UA XT (20) No ‐5.00/‐1.00 ‐1.00/‐1.50
7A CA M 4.0 1.0 ET (35) No +6.50/0 +5.25/0
B AA M 5.4 0.7 None No +8.50/0 +7.00/0
8A AA M 6.9 0.5 None No +5.75/0 +0.75/+0.50
B AA M 3.6 0.7 None No 0/+2.25 0/+0.50
9A AA M 4.3 0.7 None No +8.50/0 +6.50/0
B AA M 2.8 1.0 None No +4.00/0 +1.25/0
10A SA M 1.8 UA XT (UA) No ‐1.50/0 ‐1.50/0
B SA M 1.1 UA XT (30) No ‐0.75/0 ‐0.75/0
11A SA M 3.5 0.5 ET (60) Yes +5.00/0 +5.00/0
B SA F 3.5 0.7 ET (30) Yes +3.00/0 +3.00/0
12A AA M 4.0 0.6 None No +0.75/‐2.50 +0.75/‐0.75
B AA F 3.8 1.0 None No 0/‐2.50 0/‐0.50
13A CA M 3.5 0.9 ET (25) No +4.50/+1.00 +3.00/+1.00
B AA M 5.8 0.2 None No +2.75/0 +2.00/0

Amb = amblyopia; Dx = diagnosis; VA = visual acuity at diagnosis; PD = prism diopter at far primary position, deviated angle without correction; Sph = spherical error; Cyl = cylindrical error; D = diopter; AA = anisometropic amblyopia; SA = strabismic amblyopia; CA = combined amblyopia; M = male; F = female; UA = unavailable; ET = esotropia; XT = exotropia; +: hyperopia; -: myopia; 0: emmetropia.

A: Group A (Elder siblings).

B: Group B (Younger siblings).

Table 2.
Cause of amblyopia
　 Group A (n = 13)
 Group B (n = 13)
n (%) n (%)
Strabismus 2 (15.4) 3 (23.1)
　Esotropia 1 (50) 2 (66.7)
　Exotropia 1 (50) 1 (33.3)
Anisometropia 9 (69.2) 9 (69.2)
　Myopia 1 (11.1) 0 (0)
　Hyperopia 6 (66.7) 6 (66.7)
　Astigmatism 2 (22.2) 3 (33.3)
Combined 2 (15.4) 1 (7.7)

Group A: Elder siblings.

Group B: Younger siblings.

Table 3.
Baseline visual acuity
　 Group A (n = 13) Group B (n = 13) p-value†
Visual acuity (logMAR, mean ± SD)
　Amblyopic eye 0.69 ± 0.23* 0.72 ± 0.26* 0.740
　Sound eye 0.29 ± 0.23* 0.25 ± 0.16* 0.651
Interocular visual acuity difference (Line on logMAR, mean ± SD) 4.1 ± 2.2* 4.7 ± 1.6* 0.413
Spherical equivalent (Diopter, mean ± SD) 2.42 ± 3.27 2.37 ± 3.59 0.931

* One patient in Group A and two patients in Group B could not be examined for visual acuity, therefore, they were excluded from the results;

† Mann-Whitney U test.

Group A: Elder siblings.

Group B: Younger siblings.

Table 4.
Results of amblyopia treatment
　 Group A (n = 13) Group B (n = 13) p-value‡
Duration of treatment (months) 21.3 ± 16.6 13.0 ± 8.8 0.169
VA* of amblyopic eye (logMAR) 0.08 ± 0.15† 0.14 ± 0.20† 0.566
Lines of improvement from baseline (line on logMAR) 6.3 ± 2.6† 5.9 ± 2.2† 0.449

* Visual acuity;

† One patient in Group A and two patients in Group B could not be examined for visual acuity, therefore, they were excluded from the results;

‡ Mann-Whitney U test.

Group A: Elder siblings.

Group B: Younger siblings.

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