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Oh, Park, Lee, and Moon: Clinical Findings and Results of Low Vision Devices in Pediatric Patients with Albinism
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(4):466-471.

Published online: 6 September 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/JKOS.2011.52.4.466

Clinical Findings and Results of Low Vision Devices in Pediatric Patients with Albinism

Doo Hwan Oh, MD1, Shin Hae Park, MD2, Jeong Kyu Lee, MD, PhD1, Nam Ju Moon, MD, PhD1

1Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Nam Ju Moon, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Hospital #224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Korea Tel: 82-2-6299-1687, Fax: 82-2-825-1666, E-mail: njmoon@chol.com

Received 22 January 201015 October 2010       Accepted 15 February 2011

Copyright © 2011 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To assess clinical features and efficacy of spectacles and low vision devices in pediatric patients with albinism.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed of 15 pediatric patients with albinism for whom glasses and low vision devices had been prescribed to determine subjective satisfaction and objective improvement in visual acuity (VA), strabismus, contrast sensitivity, number of reading letters during 1 minute with refractive correction and low vision devices.

Results

The median refractive correction was +0.12 ± 5.45 diopter (D) spherical equivalent with -0.71 ± 3.62 D astigmatism. Most patients complained of reading difficulty and photophobia. Hand-held magnifier and Keplerian telescope were commonly prescribed low vision devices. In addition, VA, strabismic deviation, contrast sensitivity and number of reading letters during 1 minute significantly improved after wearing glasses and low vision devices.

Conclusions

The present study showed a significant improvement in corrected VA, alignment and subjective symptoms in pediatric patients with albinism by wearing glasses and low vision devices. Additionally, high compliance can improve final patients’ satisfaction through using training of low vision devices.

Keywords: Albinism, Low vision device, Spectacles

References

1. Dorey SE, Neveu MM, Burton LC, et al. The clinical features of albinism and their correlation with visual evoked potentials. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003; 87:767–72.
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2. Castronuovo S, Simon JW, Kandel GL, et al. Variable expression of albinism within a single kindred. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991; 111:419–26.
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3. Abadi RV, Dickinson CM, Pascal E, Papas E. Retinal image quality in albinos. A review. Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet. 1990; 11:171–6.
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4. Carden SM, Boissy RE, Schoettker PJ, Good WV. Albinism:modern molecular diagnosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998; 82:189–95.
5. Summers CG, King RA. Ophthalmic features of minimal pigment oculocutaneous albinism. Ophthalmology. 1994; 101:906–14.
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7. Han GC, Lee JH, Paik HJ. Two cases of oculocutaneous albinism with congenital nystagmus. Korean J Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg. 2004; 47:683–91.

Figure 1.
Comparisons of mean contrast sensitivity according to wearing of tinted lenses at two conditions. *p<0.05 comparison between without tinted-lenses group and with tinted-lenses group in day condition (Mann-Whitney U-test); † p>0.05 comparison between without tinted-lenses group and with tinted-lenses group in day condition (Mann-Whitney U-test).
jkos-52-466f1.tif
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics in pediatric patients with albinism
Case No. Age/ Gender Refractive errors Type of nystagmus Fundus findings
1 10/F Plano +3.00×90 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
Plano +3.00×90 Retinal depigmentation
2 7/M Plano -3.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia
Plano -3.50×180
3 14/M +2.50 -3.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia
+3.00 -3.25×180
4 7/F +2.75 -3.50×180 Jerky Foveal hypoplasia
+3.00 -3.75×180
5 16/F +2.50 -3.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
+3.00 -3.25×180 Retinal depigmentation
6 7/F Plano +3.50×90 Pendular Retinal depigmentation
Plano +2.00×90
7 4/F +1.00 -3.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia
+0.25 -3.75×180
8 8/M -4.75 -3.25×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
-3.75 -3.50×180 Retinal depigmentation
9 5/M Plano +4.00×90 Pendular Retinal depigmentation
Plano +4.00×90
10 8/M Plano +3.00×90 None Foveal hypoplasia,
Plano +3.00×90 Retinal depigmentation
11 9/M -5.00 -4.50×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
-4.00 -3.25×180 Retinal depigmentation
12 10/M +4.00 -3.00×180 Jerky Foveal hypoplasia,
+4.50 -3.75×180 Retinal depigmentation
13 15/F -1.00 -7.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
-1.25 -5.00×180 Retinal depigmentation
14 13/M +1.00 -2.00×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
+1.00 -3.75×180 Retinal depigmentation
15 16/M +4.00 -1.75×180 Pendular Foveal hypoplasia,
+4.25 -2.25×180 Retinal depigmentation
Table 2.
Visual acuity results with low vision devices
Case No. Binocular VA distance without glasses Binocular VA distance with glasses Binocular VA distance with clip on telescope Binocular VA near 40 cm without glasses Binocular VA near 40 cm with glasses Binocular VA near 40 cm with Magnifier
1 20/160 20/100 16/20 20/40 20/30 20/20
2 20/160 20/100 20/80 20/40 20/30 16/20
3 20/200 20/100 20/30 20/50 20/40 20/20
4 20/200 20/150 20/40 20/200 20/200 16/20
5 20/200 20/125 20/80 20/50 20/40 16/20
6 20/160 20/50 20/30 20/40 20/40 20/20
7 20/160 20/50 20/30 20/160 20/80 20/20
8 20/100 20/50 20/20 20/160 20/50 20/40
9 20/200 20/160 20/50 20/40 20/40 20/25
10 20/160 20/125 20/40 40/200 20/80 20/40
11 20/200 20/160 20/40 20/160 20/100 20/30
12 20/200 20/100 20/40 20/160 20/80 20/25
13 20/250 20/100 20/50 20/200 20/100 20/30
14 20/160 20/100 20/80 20/160 20/80 20/25
15 20/200 20/160 20/100 20/200 20/160 20/60

VA = visual acuity.

Table 3.
Clinical results in pediatric patients with albinism (n = 15)
Without glasses With glasses With low vision device
Mean distance VA* 20/173.4 20/92.9* 20/39.7†
Mean near VA 40 cm* 20/78.4 20/55.9* 20/26.2†

Values are the logarithmic means converted to the Snellen equivalents.

* p<0.05 comparison between without-correction group and with correction group (Mann-Whitney U-test);

† p<0.05 comparison between without-correction group and with low vision device group (Mann-Whitney U-test).

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