Analysis of the Effective Fraction of Sun Ginseng Extract in Selenite Induced Cataract Rat Model

Sang Mok Lee; Jung Moon Sun; Jin Ho Jeong; Mee Kum Kim; Won Ryang Wee; Jeong Hill Park; Jin Hak Lee

doi:10.3341/jkos.2010.51.5.733

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Lee, Sun, Jeong, Kim, Wee, Park, and Lee: Analysis of the Effective Fraction of Sun Ginseng Extract in Selenite Induced Cataract Rat Model

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(5):733-739.

Published online: 25 September 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2010.51.5.733

Analysis of the Effective Fraction of Sun Ginseng Extract in Selenite Induced Cataract Rat Model

Sang Mok Lee, MD^1,², Jung Moon Sun, MD³, Jin Ho Jeong, MD⁴, Mee Kum Kim, MD^1,⁵, Won Ryang Wee, MD^1,⁵, Jeong Hill Park, PhD⁶, Jin Hak Lee, MD^1,^7,

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

²Department of Ophthalmology, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

³Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea

⁴Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea

⁵Artificial Eye Center of Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

⁶Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea

⁷Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

Address reprint requests to Jin Hak Lee, MD Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital #300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Korea Tel: 82-31-787-7371, Fax: 82-31-787-4057, E-mail: jjhlee@plaza.snu.ac.kr

Received 4 January 2010 Accepted 16 March 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To compare the protective effects of saponin and non-saponin Sun-ginseng extract fractions in a selenite-induced rat cataract model.

Methods

A total of 101 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were divided into four groups by treatment: Sun-ginseng, saponin fraction, non-saponin fraction, and control. For induction of cataracts, sodium selenite 15 nmol/g was injected subcutaneously in 13 day-old rat pups. Sun-ginseng extract 100 μ g/g (Group I, Ginseng Science, Seoul, Korea), saponin fraction 100 μ g/g (Group II), non-saponin fraction 100 μ g/g (Group III), and phosphate buffered saline (Control group) were injected intraperitoneally every two days for a total of seven injections. The rats were sacrified and their lenses were dissected and photographed at day 7 and 14, and the cataracts were graded according to the ratio of the cataract area to the total lens area. The blind method was used for the evaluation of the cataract area.

Results

At day 14, cataract formation rates (CFR) were 33.3% in group I, 76.4% in group II, 41.2% in group III, and 77.7% in the control group. The mean cataract area (MCA) was 13.4±20.8% in group I, 14.4±11.7% in group II, 5.7±7.7% in group III, and 15.8±12.1% in the control group. Group III showed statistically significant results compared with those of control group (CFR p=0.001, MCA p=0.001). We observed significantly lower incidence and smaller mean cataract area in Group I and Group III at day 7 compared with the control group (Group I, CFR p=0.018; Group III, CFR p=0.032, MCA p=0.005).

Conclusions

The protective effects of Sun-ginseng extract are caused by the components in the non-saponin fraction, not by those in the saponin fraction, in a selenite-induced cataract rat model.

Keywords: Cataract, Rat, Saponin, Selenite, Sun ginseng

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Figure 1.

The methods of image analysis for lens area measurement. The cataractous lens area and total lens area was analyzed 2-dimensionally on photos of dissected lens using NIH ImageJ software.

Figure 2.

The protective effect of components of ginseng extract in selenite-induced cataract in the rat model. (A) Proportion according to the cataract grade at 1 week after sodium selenite injection. Numbers show total numbers of eyes in each grade. Ginseng group (Group I, p=0.018) and Non-saponin group (Group III, p=0.032) showed lower cataract grade significantly compared with the control group using chi-squre test. (B) Proportion according to the cataract grade at 2 week after sodium selenite injection. Numbers show total numbers of eyes in each grade. Ginseng group (p=0.064) showed borderline difference but Non-saponin group (p=0.001) showed significantly lower cataract grade compared with the control group using chi-squre test. Ginseng: ginseng (sun-sam) extract 100 μg/g every other day injection group; Saponin: saponin component of ginseng extract 100 μg/g every other day injection group; Non-saponin: non-saponin component of ginseng extract 100 μg/g every other day injection group; Control (positive control): PBS every other day injection group. Asterisk (^*) indicates statistical significance compared with control group.

Figure 3.

The mean area of the cataractous lens to the entire lens. It showed the non-saponin component of ginseng extract group has the protective effect of cataract formation in selenite-induced cataract in the rat model. This graph showed the significantly lower cataract area in non-saponin group (Group III) compared with the control group using Mann-Whitney U test. Mann-Whitney U test was used because the cataract area distribution did not follow the standard curve due to the portions of lenses without cataract. Asterisk (^*) indicates statistical significance compared with positive control group.

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