CCL4 Concentration in Tears of Dry Eye Patients and Its Correlation With Tear Surface Parameters

Seung Hyun Lee; Seoung Kyu Im; Kyung Chul Yoon

doi:10.3341/jkos.2010.51.3.313

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Lee, Im, and Yoon: CCL4 Concentration in Tears of Dry Eye Patients and Its Correlation With Tear Surface Parameters

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(3):313-319.

Published online: 25 September 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2010.51.3.313

CCL4 Concentration in Tears of Dry Eye Patients and Its Correlation With Tear Surface Parameters

Seung Hyun Lee, MD, Seoung Kyu Im, MD, Kyung Chul Yoon, MD. PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea

Address reprint requests to Kyung Chul Yoon, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School #8 Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-746, Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6742, Fax: 82-62-227-1642, E-mail: kcyoon@chonnam.ac.kr

Received 5 August 2009 Accepted 19 October 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the expression of CCL4/MIP-1β in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome and its correlation with the tear surface parameters.

Methods

Forty patients with dry eye syndrome (seven Meibomian gland dysfunction and 33 non-Meibomian gland dysfunction patients) and 25 control subjects were recruited. The concentrations of CCL4 in tears were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between CCL4 levels and tear surface parameters including tear film break-up time (BUT), basal tear secretion (BST), tear clearance test (TCR), corneal sensation, keratoepitheliopathy (KEP) and conjunctival goblet cell density (GCD) were analyzed in patients with dry eye syndrome.

Results

The mean levels of MIP-1β were 4.3±5.2 pg/ml in patients with dry eye syndrome and 81.6±294.3 pg/ml in control subjects (p=0.03). The mean levels in non-Meibomian gland disease patients (90.4±313.9 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those of Meibomian gland dysfunction patients (20.3±23.2 pg/ml, p=0.02). CCL4 levels correlated significantly with BST, TCR, KEP and GCD (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The level of MIP-1β is elevated in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome and correlates with disease severity and tear surface parameters.

Keywords: CCL4, Chemokine, Dry eye syndrome, Tear surface parameter

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Figure 1.

CCL4 levels in tears of Meibomian gland dysfunction patients, non-Mebomian gland dysfunction patients and control subjects. DES=dry eye syndrome; MGD=Meibomian gland dysfunction; ^* p<0.05.

Figure 2.

Correlation between MIP-1β levels in tears of dry eye patients and tear surface parameters including tear break-up time (A), basal tear secretion (B), tear clearance rate (C), corneal sensation (D), keratoepitheliopathy score (E), and conjunctival goblet cell density(F).

Table 1.

Comparison of tear film parameters in dry eye patients with and without meibomian gland disease and control subjects

	Control	DES^‡^§
	Control	Non-MGD	MGD^§	Total
Tear film break-up time (sec)	17.4±2.41	4.73±2.45^*	3.70±0.95^*	4.55±1.75^*
Basal tear secretion (mm)	12.4±2.99	5.20±0.45^*	6.40±2.45^*	5.41±1.65^*
Tear clearance rate ((Log2)⁻¹)	5.64±6.75	2.19±0.78^*	2.50±0.53^*	2.24±0.89^*
Corneal sensation	58.5±2.4	54.5±2.3^*	57.1±2.5	55.7±2.6
Keratoepitheliopathy score	0.10±0.32	5.60±3.55^*†	2.62±2.21^*	5.08±2.55^*
Goblet cell density (cell/mm²)	357.6±33.1	155.2±36.6^*†	264.3±44.6	174.29±40.4^*

^* p<0.01 compared with control subjects

^† p<0.01 compared with Meibomian gland disease subjects

^‡ DES=dry eye syndrome

^§ MGD=Meibomian gland disease.

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