Child Behavior Check List, Korean Personality Inventory for Children in Presumed Functional Visual Loss

Sang Mi Lee; Myung Ho Lim; Sung Eun Kyung

doi:10.3341/jkos.2010.51.8.1092

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Lee, Lim, and Kyung: Child Behavior Check List, Korean Personality Inventory for Children in Presumed Functional Visual Loss

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(8):1092-1098.

Published online: 7 September 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2010.51.8.1092

Child Behavior Check List, Korean Personality Inventory for Children in Presumed Functional Visual Loss

Sang Mi Lee, MD, Myung Ho Lim, MD, Sung Eun Kyung, MD, PhD

Departments of Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, The Dankook University Medical College, Cheonan, Korea

Address reprint requests to Sung Eun Kyung, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University Medical College #San 16-5 Anmseo-dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea Tel: 82-41-550-6377, Fax: 82-41-561-0137, E-mail: kseeye@hanmail.net

Received 28 December 2009 Accepted 8 June 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the clinical courses of children with functional visual loss and to evaluate their psychosocial problems.

Methods

Thirteen children who visited the ophthalmic clinic of Dankook University Hospital because of functional vision loss between August 1, 2005 and January 1, 2009 were examined to establish the cause of lost vision. The results of the child behavior checklist-Korean version (K-CBCL) and the Korean personality inventory for children (KPI-C) were obtained in nine out of the 13 children.

Results

The mean visual acuities at the initial and last visits for nine children in the functional visual loss group were 0.58± 0.28 and 0.89 ± 0.31, respectively. Somatic complaints, social problems and overall behavioral problems were statistically significantly different from those of the control group according to the K-CBCL, and somatic concern was statistically significantly different from that of the control group according to the KPI-C.

Conclusions

Children in the functional visual loss group had different traits from those in the control group according to the K-CBCL and KPI-C. Children's psychosocial problems could be expressed as somatic symptoms, of which vision loss should be considered a major factor.

Keywords: Behavior, Functional visual loss, Personality

References

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Figure 1.

The results of mfERG were found to be abnormal. The result of A may be due to patient's lack of attention. A=right eye of case 1; B=left eye of case 4; C=left eye of case 5.

Table 1.

Failing criteria for tests

Test	Failing criteria
Color vision	≥5 errors on color plates
Visual fields	defect or scotoma at any area
OCT^*	unacceptable foveal contour
VEP^†	significantly different P100 from averages of
	control group
mfERG^‡	abnormal figure of P1 amplitude

^* OCT=Optical coherent tomography; potential

^‡ mfERG=multifocal electroretinogram.

^† VEP=Visual evoked

Table 2.

Subscales of Korean personality inventory for children and child behavior check list

KPI-C (Korean Personality for Children)	K-CBCL (Child Behavior Check List-Korean version
ESR (Ego-resilience)	Withdrawn
VLD (Verbal development)	Somatic complaints
PDL (Physical development)	Anxious/depressed
ANX (Anxiety)	Social problem
DEP (Depression)	Thought problems
SOM (Somatic concern)	Attention problems
DLQ (Delinquency)	Delinquent behavior
HPR (Hyperactivity)	Aggressive behavior
FAM (Family dysfunction)	Internalizing problems
SOC (Social dysfunction)	Externalizing problems
PSY (Psychoticism)	Total behavior problems
AUT (Autism)	Sex problems
	Emotional problems

Table 3.

Demographic characteristics between control group and patient group for KPI-C and K-CBCL

Rating Scale	Control group (N=160)	Patient group (N=9)	x²	^* p value	Total
Age (Mean ± S.D.) (range)^†	10.26 ± 1.48 (7∼12)	10.4 ± 3.4 (6∼18)	5.60	0.02	10.33 ± 2.34
Sex (N, %)^‡
Female	78 (48.8 %)	7 (77.8 %)	3.04	0.09
Male	82 (51.3 %)	2 (22.2 %)
These data represent mean ± SD, and range.

^* p＜0.05

^† Statistical value by nonparametric test adjusted for age, sex

^‡ Statistical value by Chi-square test.

Table 4.

Clinical characteristics and functional findings of the patients

Case No. Age/Sex	BCVA^† R/L	Color vision		V/F		OCT	VEP	mfERG	KCBCL & KPI‐ C	F/U period
Case No. Age/Sex	BCVA^† R/L	Initial	Last	Initial	Last	OCT	VEP	mfERG	KCBCL & KPI‐ C	F/U period
1. F/9	0.9/1.0	Fail	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Fail	normal	3Y
2. F/11	1.0/1.0	Pass	Pass	Fail	Fail	Pass	Pass	Pass	High scores in	8M
									subscale
3. F/8	0.07/0.1	Fail	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	High scores in	2Y 6M
									subscale
4. M/13	1.0/0.9	Fail	Pass	Fail	Fail	Pass	Pass	Fail	High scores in	2Y 9M
									subscale
5. F/10	1.0/1.0	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Fail	normal	2Y
6. M/6	1.2/1.2	Fail	Pass	Fail	Pass	Pass	Fail	Pass	High scores in	3Y
									subscale
7. F/9	0.9/0.9	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	Fail	Borderline in	2Y
									subscale
8. F/18	1.0/1.0	Pass	Pass	Fail	Pass	Pass	Pass	Pass	High scores in	6M
									subscale
9. F/9	1.0/0.9	Fail	Fail	Fail	Pass	Pass	Fail	Pass	High scores in	6M
									subscale
No=number; BCVA=best corrected visual acuity; R=right; L=left; V/F=visual field; OCT, optical coherent tomography; VEP=visual evoked potential; mfERG=multifocal electroretinogram; KCBCL=Child behavior check list-Korean version; K-PIC =Korean Personality Inventory for Children; F/U=Follow up; F=female; M=male; Y=year; M=month;

^† BCVA at the last visit.

Table 5.

Comparisons of Child Behavior Check List, Korean Personality Inventory for Children, between control group and patient grou

Rating Scale	Control group	Patient group	x²	^* p value	Total
K‐ CBCL
Withdrawn	53.00 ± 8.05	52.33 ± 4.64	0.60	0.808	52.96 ± 7.90
Somatic complaints	51.40 ± 3.85	54.67 ± 7.87	5.32	0.022	51.57 ± 4.19
Anxious/depressed	51.26 ± 3.38	52.00 ± 2.83	0.41	0.522	51.30 ± 3.35
Social problems	50.79 ± 2.47	55.44 ± 5.59	25.22	0.000	51.04 ± 2.89
Thought problems	51.92 ± 4.38	51.11 ± 2.20	0.30	0.584	51.88 ± 4.29
Attention problems	51.29 ± 3.34	52.00 ± 3.12	0.38	0.536	51.33 ± 3.32
Delinquent behavior	51.75 ± 3.92	52.44 ± 6.29	0.25	0.619	51.79 ± 4.06
Aggressive behavior	51.28 ± 3.49	52.89 ± 3.92	1.80	0.182	51.36 ± 3.52
Internalizing problems	51.23 ± 3.30	53.11 ± 4.37	2.69	0.103	51.33 ± 3.37
Externalizing problems	51.29 ± 3.46	53.11 ± 4.62	2.27	0.134	51.39 ± 3.53
Total behavior problems	51.13 ± 3.28	53.44 ± 4.50	4.08	0.045	51.25 ± 3.38
Sex problems	51.13 ± 3.44	50.00 ± 0.00	0.97	0.327	51.07 ± 3.36
Emotional problems	50.41 ± 1.62	50.33 ± 1.00	0.02	0.894	50.40 ± 1.59
K‐ PIC
ESR	53.75 ± 10.47	51.78 ± 10.63	0.30	0.583	53.65 ± 10.45
VDL	44.56 ± 9.89	46.89 ± 8.36	0.48	0.490	44.69 ± 9.81
PDL	44.39 ± 9.92	47.89 ± 10.22	1.06	0.305	44.57 ± 9.93
ANX	45.16 ± 12.13	43.44 ± 13.65	0.17	0.682	45.07 ± 12.17
DEP	44.09 ± 9.75	45.67 ± 8.59	0.23	0.635	44.17 ± 9.68
SOM	44.91 ± 8.96	51.33 ± 12.65	4.18	0.042	45.25 ± 9.25
DLQ	44.53 ± 9.49	50.00 ± 9.92	2.82	0.095	44.82 ± 9.57
HPR	41.24 ± 11.25	45.44 ± 8.92	1.21	0.273	41.47 ± 11.15
FAM	42.11 ± 10.05	39.67 ± 6.40	0.52	0.472	41.98 ± 9.90
SOC	49.26 ± 7.99	47.22 ± 4.99	0.57	0.451	49.15 ± 7.86
PSY	29.09 ± 15.26	20.56 ± 2060	2.80	0.096	28.64 ± 14.99
AUT	36.25 ± 13.26	34.22 ± 14.16	0.20	0.657	36.14 ± 13.27

K-CBCL=Korean version of Child Behavior Check List; KPI-C=Korean personality inventory for children. These data represent mean ± S.D Statistical value by nonparametric test adjusted for age, sex

^* p＜0.05.

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