The Statistical Observation of Ocular Injury

Min Hye Song; Jae Woo Kim; Sung Kun Chung

doi:10.3341/jkos.2009.50.4.580

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Song, Kim, and Chung: The Statistical Observation of Ocular Injury

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(4):580-587.

Published online: 7 September 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.4.580

The Statistical Observation of Ocular Injury

Min Hye Song, MD, Jae Woo Kim, MD, Sung Kun Chung, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Sung Kun Chung, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea #62 Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-713, Korea Tel: 82-2-3779-1848, Fax: 82-2-761-6869, E-mail: eyedoc@catholic.ac.kr

Received 28 July 2008 Accepted 24 November 2008

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the regional characteristics and changing history in the era of ocular injuries, in order to use the results for the treatment and prevention of ocular injuries.

Methods

A retrospective survey was performed with 372 patients, who were hospitalized due to ocular injuries from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2005, using the year 2000 as the divider for establishing the 2 groups. The change of incidence in industrial ocular injuries, sex, age, distribution of season, side, mode, cause, nature, primary ocular surgery, complications, secondary operation, and change in visual acuity were reviewed statistically.

Results

The number of patients in group one was 223 and 149 in group two with a greater incidence in males (87.9%). The incidence peaked at the third decade of age in group 1, and at the fifth decade in group 2. The incidence was highest in the autumn in group 1, and in the spring in group 2. Regarding the mode of ocular injury, industrial injury was the most common, and ocular injuries from violence, traffic accidents and sports increased. Within the two groups, the most common cause of injury involved a piece of iron, and the most common surgery was primary corneal closure. The most common complication was corneal opacity. There was no statistical difference in the improvement of visual acuity between the two groups (p=0.251).

Conclusions

This survey gathered the characteristics and changing history in the era of ocular injuries in order to use the results for the treatment and prevention of ocular injuries.

Keywords: Inpatient, Ocular injury, Statistical observation

References

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Table 1.

The rate of industrial injury

	Group 1^*	Group 2^†	Total
Total ocular injuries	223	149	372
Industrial ocular injuries (percentage)	132 (59.2%)	76 (51.0%)	208 (55.9%)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 2.

Age and sex distribution

Group		0–9	10–19	20–29	30–39	40–49	50–59	60–69	70-	Total
Group 1^*	Male (%)	26	47	48	39	24	13	3	1	201(54.0%)
	Female (%)	5	2	3	4	4	1	2	1	22(5.9%)
	Total (%)	31	49	51	43	28	14	5	2	223(59.9%)
Group 2^†	Male (%)	14	13	19	21	31	15	11	2	126(33.9%)
	Female (%)	4	2	3	4	4	1	3	2	23(6.2%)
	Total (%)	18	15	22	25	35	16	14	4	149(40.1%)
Total	Male (%)	40(10.8)	60(16.1)	67(18.0)	60(16.1)	55(14.8)	28(7.5)	14(3.8)	3(0.8)	327(87.9%)
	Female (%)	9(2.4)	4(1.1)	6(1.6)	8(2.2)	8(2.2)	2(0.5)	5(1.3)	3(0.8)	45(12.1%)
	Total (%)	49(13.2)	64(17.2)	73(19.6)	68(18.3)	63(16.9)	30(8.1)	19(5.1)	6(1.6)	372(100.0%)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 3.

Affected side of injured eye

Affected side	Ocular trauma		Industrial injury
Affected side	Group 1^*	Group 2^†	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
OD	105 (47.1%)	72 (48.3%)	67 (50.8%)	34 (44.7%)
OS	115 (51.6%)	77 (51.7%)	62 (47%)	42 (55.3%)
OU	3 (1.3%)	0	3 (2.3%)	0
Total	223	149	132	76

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 4.

Seasonal distribution

		Group 1^*		Group 2^†
Season	Month	No. (%)	Total (%)	No. (%)	Total (%)
Spring	3	17 (7.6)	66 (29.6)	11 (7.4)	48 (32.2)
	4	16 (7.2)		18 (12.1)
	5	32 (14.3)		19 (12.7)
Summer	6	18 (8.1)	50 (22.4)	17 (11.3)	41 (27.5)
	7	9 (4.0)		12 (8.1)
	8	18 (8.1)		12 (8.1)
Autumn	9	26 (11.7)	67 (30.0)	9 (6.0)	32 (21.5)
	10	21 (9.4)		11 (7.4)
	11	20 (9.0)		12 (8.1)
Winter	12	14 (6.3)	40 (17.9)	13 (8.7)	28 (18.8)
	1	21 (9.4)		8 (5.4)
	2	11 (4.9)		7 (4.7)
Total (%)			223 (100)		149 (100)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 5.

Mode of injuries

Mode	No. of patient (%)
Mode	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Industrial injuries	132 (59.2)	76 (51.0)
Traffic accident	12 (5.4)	13 (8.7)
Violence	42 (18.8)	33 (22.1)
Sport	22 (9.9)	20 (13.4)
etc	15 (6.7)	7 (4.7)
Total	223 (100) 1	149 (100)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 6.

Causes of ocular injuries

Causes	No. of patient (%)
Causes	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Fist, finger, foot, knee	35 (15.7)	30 (20.1)
Needle, knife, wire	25 (11.2)	14 (9.4)
Iron piece	53 (23.8)	44 (29.5)
Wood stick	15 (6.7)	6 (4.0)
Stone	8 (3.6)	6 (4.0)
Plastic	41 (18.4)	13 (8.7)
Electronic instrument	0 (0)	1 (0.7)
Heat	0 (0)	1 (0.7)
Chemical agent	5 (2.2)	2 (1.3)
Ball	15 (6.7)	12 (8.0)
Traffic accident	12 (5.4)	13 (8.7)
Fall down	8 (3.6)	4 (2.7)
etc	6 (2.7)	3 (2.0)
Total	223 (100)	149 (100)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 7.

Nature of ocular injuries

Type of ocular injury	No. of injured eyes (%)
Type of ocular injury	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Traumatic hyphema	89 (39.4)	38 (25.5)
Lid laceration	1 (0.4)	1 (0.7)
Corneal laceration	77 (34.1)	50 (33.6)
Corneoscleral laceration	19 (8.4)	6 (4.0)
Scleral laceration	18 (8.0)	5 (3.4)
Conjunctival laceration	1 (0.4)	2 (1.3)
Canalicular laceration	0 (0)	1 (0.7)
Intaocular foreign body	1 (0.4)	12 (8.0)
Intracorneal foreign body	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Traumatic cataract	3 (1.3)	4 (2.6)
Orbital wall fracture	4 (1.8)	3 (2.0)
Chemical burn	2 (0.8)	1 (0.7)
Thermal burn	0 (0)	1 (0.7)
Retinal detachment	4 (1.8)	3 (2.0)
Vitreous hemorrhage	2 (0.9)	11 (7.4)
Traumatic optic neuropathy	1 (0.4)	5 (3.4)
Etc	3 (1.3)	6 (4.0)
Total	226	149

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 8.

Names of primary operation

Name of operation	No. of operation (%)
Name of operation	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Lid suture	1 (0.7)	1 (1.0)
Corneal suture	77 (56.6)	50 (51.5)
Corneoscleral suture	17 (12.5)	5 (5.2)
Scleral suture	16 (11.8)	4 (4.1)
Conjunctival suture	1 (0.7)	2 (2.1)
Anterior chamber irrigation	5 (3.7)	2 (2.1)
Vitrectomy	5 (3.7)	10 (10.3)
Buckling	2 (1.5)	1 (1.0)
Encircling	2 (1.5)	1 (1.0)
Corneal FB removal	1 (0.7)	0 (0)
Intraocular FB removal	1 (0.7)	10 (10.3)
Orbital wall reconstruction	1 (0.7)	1 (1.0)
Evisceration or enucleation	7 (5.1)	8 (8.2)
Etc	0 (0)	2 (2.1)
Total	136	97

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 9.

Complications after treatment

Complication	No. of complicated eyes (%)
Complication	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Vitreous hemorrhage or opacityr	24 (22.9)	18 (25.4)
Retinal detachment	10 (9.5)	7 (9.9)
Phthisis bulbi	4 (3.8)	2 (2.8)
Endophthalmitis	1 (1)	2 (2.8)
Traumatic cataract	22 (21)	16 (22.5)
Wound leakage	2 (1.9)	1 (1.4)
Strabismus	4 (3.8)	2 (2.8)
Corneal opacity	38 (36.1)	23 (32.4)
Total	105	71

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005

Table 10.

Number of secondary operation

Secondary operation	No. of patient (%)
Secondary operation	Group 1^*	Group 2^†
Vitrectomy	11 (21.2)	12 (29.3)
Vitrectomy + encircling	6 (11.5)	5 (12.2)
Buckling or encircling	4 (7.6)	2 (4.9)
Evisceration or enucleation	3 (5.8)	3 (7.3)
Cataract operation	20 (38.5)	13 (31.7)
Wound closure	1 (1.9)	1 (2.4)
Muscle operation	2 (3.8)	1 (2.4)
Penetrating corneal transplantation	5 (9.6)	4 (9.8)
Total	52	41

^* Group 1=patients with ocular traum

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

Table 11.

Visual acuity on first visit and final visit

Visual acuity	No. of injured eyes (%)
	Group 1^*		Group 2^†
	First	Final	First	Final
≥0.5	49 (21.7)	105 (46.5)	38 (25.6)	73 (49.0)
0.4∼0.1	42 (18.6)	47 (20.8)	19 (12.7)	25 (16.8)
0.08∼0.02	17 (7.5)	17 (7.5)	10 (6.7)	5 (3.3)
Finger count	31 (13.7)	10 (4.4)	17 (11.4)	13 (8.7)
Hand motion∼Light perception	77 (34.1)	43 (19.0)	58 (38.9)	32 (21.5)
No light perception	10 (4.4)	4 (1.8)	7 (4.7)	1 (0.7)
Total	226 (100)	226 (100)	149 (100)	149 (100)

^* Group 1=patients with ocular trauma from 1996 to 2000

^† Group 2=patients with ocular trauma from 2001 to 2005.

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