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Kim, Lew, and Yun: Exophthalmometric Values With Hertel Exophthalmometers in Children
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(3):336-339.

Published online: 31 August 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.3.336

Exophthalmometric Values With Hertel Exophthalmometers in Children

Hyoung-Eun Kim, MD, Helen Lew, MD, Young-Soo Yun, MD

Department of Ophthalmology, Pochun CHA University College of Medicine, Pundang CHA Hospital, Sungnam, Korea

Address reprint requests to Helen Lew, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Pochun CHA University College of Medicine, Pundang CHA Hospital #351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, Korea Tel: 82-31-780-5330, Fax: 82-31-780-5333, E-mail: eye@cha.ac.kr

Received 23 April 2008       Accepted 20 October 2008

Copyright © 2009 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the normal exophthalmometric values in children and facilitate the exophthalmic evaluation in pediatric patients with orbital disease.

Methods

We measured 516 eyes in 258 children aged 3 to 9 years without any orbital disease such as thyroid ophthamopathy, orbital pseudotumor and orbital wall fracture. We considered the association of age, sex, binocular variance, inter rim distance and axial length with the exophthalmometric values. Axial length was measured in only 120 eyes of60 patients who underwent operation for strabismus.

Results

The mean exophthalmometric values in the patients was 12.43±1.55 mm. The exophthalmos had a significant positive correlation with the age, axial length and inter rim distance. There were significant differences in exophthalmometric values by sex in children aged from 8 to 9 years but no significant difference by binocular variance. There were significant differences in the interrim distance related to sex.

Conclusions

The exophthalmometric values in children had significant correlation with age, sex, axial length, and interrim distance. There was a significant increase of interrim distance in males compared to females. Knowing the mean exophthal-mometric values in children would be useful with the exophthalmometric reference in pediatric patients with orbital disease.

Keywords: Children, Exophthalmometric values, Hertel exophthalmometers

References

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8. Zhang M, Hong R, Fu Z, et al. The measurement of normal values of exophthalmos, interpupillary distance and interorbital distance of children and alolescence in Xiamen and the rule of their development. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2000; 36:462–6.
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Figure 1.
The mean exophthalmometric value according to age. y=0.27x+10.84; R2=0.0991; p=0.000
jkos-50-336f1.tif
Figure 2.
The mean exophthalmometric value according to interrim distance. y=0.14x+0.16; R2=0.1535; p=0.000.
jkos-50-336f2.tif
Figure 3.
The interrim distance according to age. y=1.17x+83.20; R2=0.2292; p=0.000
jkos-50-336f3.tif
Figure 4.
The mean exophthalmometric value according to axial length. y=0.51x+0.77; R2=0.1251; p=0.010
jkos-50-336f4.tif
Figure 5.
The axial length according to age. y=0.32x+20.92; R2=0.3243; p=0.0
jkos-50-336f5.tif
Table 1.
The mean exophthalmometric value according to age and sex
Age (years) Frequency (male:female) The mean exophthalmometric value (mm)
Male (n=97) Female (n=161) p value
2∼3 34 (5:29) 11.9±1.67 11.75±1.42 0.448*
4∼5 75 (31:44) 11.85±1.82 12.14±1.65 0.085*
6∼7 89 (36:53) 12.97±1.64 12.26±1.17 0.082*
8∼9 63 (25:38) 13.46±1.43 12.93±1.15 0.035*
Total 258 12.69±1.75 12.28±1.40 0.042†

*Mann-Whitney test

†t-test.

Table 2.
The inter rim distance according to sex
Sex The inter rim distance (mm)
Male (n=97) 91.12±5.10
Female (n=161) 89.61±3.95
Total 90.18±4.47

t-test, p=0.008.

Table 3.
The mean exophthalmometric value according to right and left eye
  The mean exophthalmometric value (mm)
Right eye (n=258) 12.44±1.57
Left eye (n=258) 12.42±1.54
Total 12.43±1.55

t-test, p=0.899.

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