Change in Intraocular Pressure of Normal Healthy Eyes During Sit-up With Various Postures

Young Taek Hong; Samin Hong; Chan Yun Kim; Gong Je Seong

doi:10.3341/jkos.2009.50.12.1860

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Hong, Hong, Kim, and Seong: Change in Intraocular Pressure of Normal Healthy Eyes During Sit-up With Various Postures

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(12):1860-1867.

Published online: 7 September 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.12.1860

Change in Intraocular Pressure of Normal Healthy Eyes During Sit-up With Various Postures

Young Taek Hong, MD, Samin Hong, MD, Chan Yun Kim, MD, Gong Je Seong, MD

The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Gong Je Seong, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital #146-92 Dogok-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea Tel: 82-2-3497-3440, Fax: 82-2-3463-1049, E-mail: gjseong@yuhs.ac

Received 7 May 2009 Accepted 25 August 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal healthy eyes at different positions while performing sit-ups.

Methods

Twenty normal healthy eyes of 20 subjects were studied. IOP was measured while in the ‘sitting upright’, ‘supine’, and ‘head-down’ position to determine postural effect on IOP when executing a sit-up. Measurements were taken after the performance of a sit-up and during the performance of a sit-up, in both the head up and head down positions to test the effect of the exercise on the IOP. In addition, the IOP after an ‘isometric exercise with Valsalva's maneuver in the supine or head-down position’ was measured to determine the actual IOP during a sit-up.

Results

The postural change from sitting upright to tilting the head in a downward position caused the IOP to increase. After the performance of a sit-up, the IOP decreased in both the upright and supine positions, though IOP increased in the head-down position. After the isometric exercise with Valsalva's maneuver, IOP increased significantly regardless of position.

Conclusions

IOP increased significantly during sit-ups, but decreased afterward. Future studies should be performed to evaluate the long-term effects of IOP change during and after sit-ups with respect to the prognosis of glaucoma.

Keywords: Head down, Intraocular pressure, Posture

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Table 1.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) of sitting (Baseline^*), supine, and head-down posture

	Supine (Mean±SD)	p_†	Head-down 30°(Mean± SD)	p^‡
Baseline^*	14.1±1.5		14.1±1.5
0 min^§	14.6±1.4	0.111	16.1±2.0	<0.001
2 min	15.1±1.7	0.031	15.8±2.2	0.005
4 min	14.6±1.7	0.286	15.7±1.5	0.001
6 min	14.6±1.3	0.138	15.4±1.7	0.012
8 min	14.5±1.5	0.251	15.7±1.5	0.002

^* Baseline=IOP measured in a sitting posture

^† p-value=compared to Baseline^*

^‡ p-value=compared to Baseline^*

^§ min=minute.

Table 2.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) in a supine posture after exercise of sit-up with level

	Sit-up with level (Mean±SD)	p^‡	p^§
Baseline^*	14.1±1.5
Baseline^†	14.5±1.5
0 min^П	14.6±1.8	0.259	0.865
2 min	12.8±1.2	<0.001	<0.001
4 min	12.9±1.2	0.001	<0.001
6 min	12.5±1.2	<0.001	<0.001

^* Baseline=IOP measured in a sitting posture

^† Baseline=IOP measured in a supine posture for 8 minute. (see Table 1)

^‡ p-value=compared to Baseline^*

^§ p-value=compared to Baseline^†

^П min=minute.

Table 3.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) in a sitting posture after exercise of sit-up with head-down 30°

	Sit-up with head-down 30°(Mean± SD)	p
Baseline^*	14.1±1.5
0 min^†	13.2±1.5	0.010
2 min	12.2±1.4	<0.001
4 min	12.7±1.7	<0.001
6 min	12.6±1.2	<0.001

^* Baseline=IOP measured in a sitting posture

^† min=minute.

Table 4.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) in a head-down 30° posture after exercise of sit-up at head-down 30°

	Sit-up with head-down 30°(Mean± SD)	p^§	p^П	p^#
Baseline^*	14.1±1.5
Baseline^†	14.5±1.5
Baseline^‡	15.7±1.5
0 min^**	21.1±1.0	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
2 min	19.9±1.4	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
4 min	19.7±1.3	<0.001	<0.001	0.001
6 min	19.6±1.6	<0.001	<0.001	0.001

^* Baseline=IOP measured in a sitting posture

^† Baseline=IOP measured in a supine posture for 8 minutes (see Table 1)

^‡ Baseline =IOP measured in a head-down posture for 8 minutes (see Table 1)

^§ p-value=compared to Baseline^*

^П p-value=compared to Baseline^†

^# p-value=compared to Baseline^‡

^** min=minute.

Table 5.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) with isometric exercise with Valsalva's maneuver in a supine or head-down 30° posture

	(Mean± SD)	p^#	p^**	p^††	p^‡‡	p^§§	p^ПП
Baseline^*	14.1±1.5
Baseline^†	14.5±1.5
Baseline^‡	15.7±1.5
Baseline^§	14.6±1.8
Baseline^П	21.1±1.0
Supine	23.1±2.9	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.026	0.059
Head-down	24.2±1.9	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.059

^* Baseline=IOP measured in a sitting posture

^† Baseline=IOP measured in a supine posture for 8 minutes (see Table 1)

^‡ Baseline =IOP measured in a head-down posture for 8 minutes (see Table 1)

^§ Baseline=IOP measured in a supine posture of 0 minute after exercise of sit-up with level (see Table 2)

^П Baseline=IOP measured in a head-down 30° posture of 0 minute after exercise of sit-up at head-down 30° (see Table 4)

^# p-value=compared to Baseline^*

^** p-value=compared to Baseline^†

^†† p-value= compared to Baseline^‡

^‡‡ p-value=compared to Baseline^§

^§§ p-value=compared to Baseline^П

^ПП p-value=comparison of ‘Supine' and ‘Head-down'.

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