Ji Hye Song; Woong Sun You; In Young Chung; Seong Wook Seo

doi:10.3341/jkos.2009.50.10.1576

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Song, You, Chung, and Seo: The Changes in Extraocular Muscles in Horner’s Syndrome of Rats

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(10):1576-1581.

Published online: 3 August 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.10.1576

The Changes in Extraocular Muscles in Horner’s Syndrome of Rats

Ji Hye Song, MD¹, Woong Sun You, MD¹, In Young Chung, MD¹, Seong Wook Seo, MD, PhD^1,²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea

²Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea

Address reprint requests to Seong Wook Seo, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University #92 Chiram-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea Tel: 82-55-750-8170, Fax: 82-55-758-4158, E-mail: Stramast@naver.com

Received 14 January 2009 Accepted 14 April 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to understand the pathogenesis of the enophthalmos of Horner’s syndrome.

Methods

We performed right cervical sympathectomy in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200∼300 grams at 8 weeks of age. We obtained bilateral extraocular muscle and fat from all 10 rats. These tissues were observed under light and electron microscopy.

Results

After 8 weeks, ptosis and enophthalmos were seen in the right eye in all rats. We found no change bilateral fat, but the right extraocular muscle fibers had smaller diameters than the left. The right intermuscular distance was longer than the left upon light microscopy and the right extraocular muscle contained fewer and smaller mitochondria than the left extraocular muscle upon electron microscopy.

Conclusions

Based on these results, it is believed that enophthalmos resulted from extraocular muscle atrophy that resulted from decreasing metabolism of mitochondria in Horner’s syndrome. However, enophthalmos in Horner’s syndrome requires more intensive study.

Keywords: Cervical sympathectomy, Enophthalmos, Horner’s syndrome

References

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Figure 1.

Right cervical sympathectomy was done in the rats.

Figure 2.

Pre-operative (A) and post-operative 8 weeks (B) of case 1 showed drooping of the upper lid and enophthalmos in the right eye.

Figure 3.

Light microscopy of the left rectus muscle (A) and right rectus muscle (B) at postoperative 8 weeks. It found that right extraocular muscle fibers had smaller diameter and wider interval than left. (Toluidine blue ×200) (☆ : intermuscular distance)

Figure 4.

Difference of the right and left muscle fiber diameters (A) and of the right and left intermuscular fiber distance (B).

Figure 5.

Transmission electron-microscopy of the left rectus muscle (A) and right rectus muscle (B) at post-operative 8 weeks, the right rectus muscle (B) showing smaller mitochondria size and less mitochondria number. (×12,000).

Table 1.

Difference of right and left muscle fiber diameters and intermuscular fiber distance

	Mean± SD (μm)		p-value
	Right (n=40)	Left (n=40)	p-value
Diameter of muscle fiber	34.23±6.57	46.93±1.85	0.000^*
Intermuscular fiber distance	3.23±0.85	1.41±0.58	0.000^*

^* p<0.05 by Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.

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