The Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and Age, Hypertension and Obesity Index in Ocular Hypertensive Patients

Ja Kyun Lee; Young Sang Han; Jong Soo Lee; Yoon Kyung Kim

doi:10.3341/jkos.2009.50.7.1082

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Lee, Han, Lee, and Kim: The Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and Age, Hypertension and Obesity Index in Ocular Hypertensive Patients

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2009;50(7):1082-1087.

Published online: 7 September 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.7.1082

The Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and Age, Hypertension and Obesity Index in Ocular Hypertensive Patients

Ja Kyun Lee, MD¹, Young Sang Han, MD¹, Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD¹, Yoon Kyung Kim, PhD²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea

²Department of Ophthalmic Optics, Gimhae College, Busan, Korea

Address reprint requests to Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital #1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea Tel: 82-51-240-7326, Fax: 82-51-242-7341, E-mail: jongsool@pusan.ac.kr

Received 11 September 2008 Accepted 6 May 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and age, blood pressure and obesity index inocular hypertensive patients.

Methods

A total of 2684 ocular hypertensive patients underwent automated multi-phasic testing, including fundus photography, blood pressure and assessment of obesity. The subjects were divided into six age groups by decades ranging from 20∼29 years to over 70 years of age. The relationships between factors were examined using multiple regression analysis.

Results

The mean participant age was 48.0±11.0 years, and 1,777 (66.3%) participants were male and 907 (33.7%) were female. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 22.04±2.2 mmHg and was significantly higher in males than in females (p=0.023). The IOP was associated with mean blood pressure, gender and obesity index. After adjustment for mean blood pressure and obesity index, the relationship between IOP and age showed a significantly negative tendency (p<0.001). The relationship between IOP and obesity index adjusted for age and mean blood pressure had a significantly positive tendency (p<0.001), regardless of gender. The relationship between IOP and mean blood pressure adjusted for age and obesity index showed a significantly positive tendency (p=0.00014).

Conclusions

IOP was associated with the mean blood pressure and obesity index. Regardless of gender, IOP decreased with age but increased with hypertension. It is necessary to check IOP regularly, especially in ocular hypertensive patients with systemic hypertension.

Keywords: Blood pressure, Health parameters, Intraocular pressure, Obesity index, Ocular hypertension

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Figure 1.

Scattergram of relationship between intraocular pressure and systolic blood pressure.

Figure 2.

Scattergram of relationship between intraocular pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Figure 3.

Scattergram of relationship between intraocular pressure and age.

Figure 4.

Scattergram of relationship between intraocular pressure and mean blood pressure.

Figure 5.

Scattergram of relationship between intraocular pressure and obesity index.

Table 1.

Percent distribution of ocular hypertensive patients by age and gender

Age (Years)	Female Case (%)	Male Case (%)	Total Case (%)
20∼29	31 (3.5)	56 (3.2)	87 (3.4)
30∼39	184 (20.2)	302 (17.0)	486 (18.5)
40∼49	322 (35.5)	669 (37.6)	991 (36.6)
50∼59	246 (27.1)	486 (27.3)	732 (27.2)
60∼69	104 (11.4)	229 (12.9)	333 (12.2)
>70	20 (2.2)	35 (2.0)	55 (2.1)
Total	907	1,777	2,684

Table 2.

Mean values of age, intraocular pressure and cardiovascular risk variables by gender

Variables	Female	Male	Total
Mean age (years)	47.6±10.9	48.2±11.2	48.0±11.1
Mean IOP^† (mm Hg)	21.83±2.4	22.12±2.5^*	22.04±2.2
Degree of obesity^‡ (%)	119.52±40.3^*	115.14±13.2	116.59±32.4
Mean BP^§ (mm Hg)	105.17±16.4	106.34±15.2^*	106.10±13.7

^* p<0.05

^† Intraocular pressure

^‡ Obesity index=body wight /standard body wight×100(%)

^§ Mean blood pressure=1/3 systolic blood pressure+2/3 diastolic blood pressure.

Table 3.

The relationship between IOP and mean blood pressure, age, and obesity index

		MBP^†	Age	Obesity index^‡
	Pearson's	0.073	−0.093	0.057
	coefficient of			
IOP^*	correlation			
	p value	0.00014	0.000001	0.0008
	N	2,684	2,684	2,684

There is a positive correlation between IOP and blood pressure, obesity index and negative correlation between IOP and age

^* Intraocular pressure

^† Mean blood pressure=1/3 systolic blood pressure+2/3 diastolic blood pressure

^‡ Obesity index=body wight/standard body wight×100(%).

Table 4.

The relationship between IOP and blood pressure, age, and obesity index of male and female

	Male
		IOP	Age	SBP	DBP	MBP	Obesity index
Female	IOP^*	1	−0.094^#	0.070^#	0.054^#	0.062^#	0.042^#
	Age	−0.078^#	1	0.206^#	0.183^#	0.198^#	0.003
	SBP^†	0.079^#	0.400^#	1	0.906^#	0.971^#	0.269^#
	DBP^‡	0.088^#	0.353^#	0.907^#	1	0.981^#	0.265^#
	MBP^§	0.086^#	0.384^#	0.973^#	0.980^#	1	0.273^#
	Obesity index^∏	0.036^#	0.116^#	0.124^#	0.144^#	0.138^#	1

^* Intraocular pressure

^† Systolic blood pressure

^‡ Diastolic blood pressure

^§ Mean blood pressure=1/3 systolic blood pressure +2/3 diastolic blood pressure

^∏ Obesity index=body weight/standard body weight×100(%)

^# p value<0.05.

Table 5.

Effects of gender, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and obesity index on intraocular pressure

Dependent variable	R²	F	Independent variable	β-coefficient	Standardization	T
			K	21.487		53.954^#
			Gender	.244	.046	2.371^#
IOP^*	.021	11.598^#	Age	−.028	−.118	−5.930^#
			SBP^†	.014	.115	2.522^#
			DBP^‡	.002	.011	.248^#
			Obesity index^§	.000	.003	.138^#

^* Intraocular pressure

^† Systolic blood pressure

^‡ Diastolic blood pressure

^§ Obesity index: body wight/standard body wight× 100(%)

^# p value<0.05.

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