Photopic ON- and OFF-Responses in Korean Normal Subjects

Su-Eun Park; Jee Ho Chang; Kyung-Seek Choi; Jung-Hee Lee; Young-Hoon Ohn

doi:10.3341/jkos.2008.49.3.471

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Park, Chang, Choi, Lee, and Ohn: Photopic ON- and OFF-Responses in Korean Normal Subjects

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(3):471-477.

Published online: 7 September 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2008.49.3.471

Photopic ON- and OFF-Responses in Korean Normal Subjects

Su-Eun Park, M.D.¹, Jee Ho Chang, M.D.¹, Kyung-Seek Choi, M.D.¹, Jung-Hee Lee, M.D.², Young-Hoon Ohn, M.D.¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Korea

²Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to Young-Hoon Ohn, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine Soonchunhyang University #1174 Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Korea Tel: 82-32-621-5053, Fax: 82-32-621-5344, E-mail: yhohn@sch.ac.kr

Received 16 July 2007 Accepted 17 September 2007

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To explore the effects of stimulus duration, stimulus intensity, and background luminance on the amplitude and waveform of the ON- and OFF-responses of photopic ERG and to provide standard parameters of ON- and OFF-responses for normal Korean populations.

Methods

Twenty normal subjects (20 eyes) were enrolled to record photopic ON-and OFF-responses using a contact lens electrode with built-in LEDs and an LED-driver. The influence of stimulus duration on wave amplitudes was studied at flash durations that varied from 5 to 200 ms. The influence of stimulus intensity was studied with 0.4, 0.7, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.9, 2.0, and 2.1 log cd/m². In addition, the influence of background luminance was studied with 20, 30, 40, and 50 cd/m².

Result

Among 20 normal subjects, the d-waves in 16 subjects were isolated from b-waves with more than 50 ms of stimulus duration. The d-wave was observed for a 30-ms stimulus duration in 3 subjects and for a 100-ms duration in 1 subject. The amplitudes of the band d-waves increased as stimulus intensity was increased. The amplitudes of band d-waves decreased as background luminance was increased.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the clinical use of ON-and OFF-response recording can be obtained with stimulus parameters from 100 to 150 ms in duration and a 1.7–2.1 log cd/m² intensity under 30-40 cd/m² background luminance.

Keywords: Electroretinography, Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), OFF-response, ON-response

References

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Figure 1.

(A) LED-driver (size 20W×16D×6H cm, weight 800 gm; Mayo Co., Nagoya, Japan), (B) contact lens electrode with build-in white LEDs.

Figure 2.

The ON- & OFF-responses of a normal human subject elicited with different stimulus durations. (2.1 log cd/m² intensity, 40 cd/m² background luminance)

Figure 3.

Consistency of ON- & OFF-responses of normal human subjects elicited with different stimulus durations. (2.1 log cd/m² intensity, 40 cd/m² background luminance)

Figure 4.

The averages of b- and d-wave amplitudes shown at different stimulus durations. (2.1 log cd/m² intensity, 40 cd/m² background luminance) (n=20)

Figure 5.

The ON- & OFF-responses of a normal human subject elicited with different stimulus intensities. (150 ms duration, 40 cd/m² background luminance)

Figure 6.

Consistency of ON- & OFF-responses of normal human subjects elicited with different stimulus intensities. (150 ms duration, 40 cd/m² background luminance)

Figure 7.

The averages of b- and d-wave amplitudes shown at different stimulus intensities. (150 ms duration, 40 cd/m² background luminance) (n=20)

Figure 8.

The ON- & OFF-responses of a normal human subject elicited with different background luminances and intensities. (150 ms duration)

Figure 9.

The average amplitudes of (a) b-wave and (b) d-wave amplitudes shown at different background luminances and intensities. (150 ms duration) (n=20)

Figure 10.

Retinal rod and cone pathways. (From Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1993; 91:701–73)

Table 1.

The averages of ON-and OFF-responses of 20 normal subjects with different stimulus durations (2.1 log cd/m² intensity 40 cd/m² background luminance)

	stimulus duration (ms)
	5	10	20	30	50	100	150	200
a amp* (µV)	33.32±10.31	32.13±18.79	35.15±11.1	3 38.4±11.91	40.83±13.13	38.19±9.86	36.43±12.46	35.15±14.95
b amp* (µV)	99.03±21.53	124.8±21.53	87.51±21.5	3 54.08±21.53	58.09±27.90	60.93±19.7	56.73±23.44	51.08±25.2
d amp* (µV)	−	−	−	21.59±7.09	40.60±21.37	49.43±16.12	40.08±21.46	50.09±21.02
b/d ratio	−	−	−	2.54±0.62	1.71±0.52	1.26±0.30	1.42±5.44	1.00±0.19

^* amplitude.

Table 2.

The averages of ON-and OFF-ERG responses of 20 normal subjects with different stimulus intensities (150 ms duration, 40 cd/m² background luminance)

	stimulus intensity (log cd/m²)
	0.4	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.7	1.9	2	2.1
a amp* (µV)	15.2	17.48±4.58	21.70±10.35	21.83±7.44	30.44±7.96	34.03±7.05	37.38±5.32	39.11±5.22
b amp* (µV)	19.7	21.83±8.23	23.41±11.98	26.50±7.24	38.19±15.8	40.75±35.11	57.76±18.65	59.26±21.57
d amp* (µV)	−	14.7±5.80	17.43±6.12	25.26±8.37	32.45±10.29	47.80±14.46	52.85±12.64	52.78±11.05
b/d ratio	−	1.12±0.18	1.40±0.39	1.08±0.21	1.06±0.59	1.13±0.33	1.10±0.28	1.13±0.34

^* amplitude.

Table 3.

The averages of ON-and OFF-responses of 20 normal subjects with different background luminances, intensities, and 150 ms duration

		background luminance (cd/m²)
		20^†	30	40	50

stimulus intensity (log cd/m²)
1.4
	b amp* (µV)	34.04±22.19	25.61±11.54	24.35±8.90	27.22±9.74
	d amp* (µV)	26.07±8.29	23.94±11.30	22.20±7.93	21.68±7.94
1.7
	b amp* (µV)	48.63±22.44	39.29±24.39	38.43±20.33	32.94±26.29
	d amp* (µV)	37.99±15.43	37.30±17.95	34.94±15.48	33.07±15.17
1.9
	b amp* (µV)	57.41±25.96	59.21±26.38	49.19±20.60	46.41±16.70
	d amp* (µV)	51.16±18.48	44.81±14.91	43.61±17.72	44.74±17.09
2.1
	b amp* (µV)	57.54±22.15	61.09±19.48	55.20±24.79	58.16±25.15
	d amp* (µV)	62.40±21.01	61.04±18.33	46.30±13.23	51.07±17.97

^* amplitude.

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