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Abstract
Purpose
To determine the range of normal distance stereoacuity in populations with normal vision and the change of distance stereoacuity with age using the Frisby Davis Distance (FD2) stereotest and to evaluate the influence of monocular cues on the FD2 test.
Methods
Ninety-eight subjects between 4 and 73 years old who had no ocular or neurologic diseases were examined. Distance stereoacuity was measured binocularly and monocularly with the FD2 test.
Results
According to the results of the FD2 test, the mean distance stereoacuity of patients was 14.74±6.02 sec of arc. The monocular threshold with the dominant eye was 182.09±58.13 sec of arc. Subjects between 21 and 30 years old showed the best distance stereoacuity of 10.67±3.20 sec of arc. A significant decline in distance stereoacuity and monocular threshold were seen in subjects older than 61 (p<0.001).
Conclusions
The normal distance stereoacuity using the FD2 was 14.74±6.02 sec of arc, and significant reductions of stereoacuity and monocular threshold were seen in subjects older than 61. Therefore, we have to consider the effect of age on stereoacuity when performing the FD2 test. To take monocular cues into account, the FD2 test should be performed under both binocular and monocular conditions.
References
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Figure 1.
Frisby Davis Distance (FD2) Stereotest with four different small targets attached to clear rods in the illuminated box.
Figure 3.
Histograms showing the number of subjects with monocular threshold better than 200 seconds of arc among the whole subjects in each age group. The black-tinted bar represents the subjects with monocular threshold better than 200 seconds of arc.
Table 1.
Conversion table of distance stereoacuity at given test distances
| Test distance | Distance stereoacuity (seconds of arc) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 m | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| 3 m | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 160 | 180 | 200 |
Table 2.
Distance stereoacuity values in each age group
| Age (years) | Number of Subjects | Distance Stereoacuity* |
|---|---|---|
| 4-10 | 16 | 15.63±5.74 |
| 11-20 | 17 | 12.94±4.35 |
| 21-30 | 15 | 10.67±3.20 |
| 31-40 | 12 | 12.50±2.61 |
| 41-50 | 11 | 14.55±4.72 |
| 51-60 | 14 | 13.93±3.50 |
| Above 61 | 13 | 23.85±7.40† |
| Total | 98 | 14.74±6.02 |
Table 3.
Distance monocular threshold values by occlusion of the nondominant eye in each age group
| Age (years) | Number of Subjeccts | Distance Stereoacuity* |
|---|---|---|
| 4-10 | 16 | 192.50±57.91 |
| 11-20 | 17 | 168.24±54.34 |
| 21-30 | 15 | 166.67±43.21 |
| 31-40 | 12 | 181.67±59.37 |
| 41-50 | 11 | 145.45±15.73 |
| 51-60 | 14 | 177.50±64.29 |
| Above 61 | 13 | 241.54±57.42† |
| Total | 98 | 182.09±58.13 |
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