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Yu, Lew, and Yun: Progression of Myopia in the Patients with Astigmatism over 3.0 Diopters
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;48(11):1532-1536.

Published online: 28 August 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2007.48.11.1532

Progression of Myopia in the Patients with Astigmatism over 3.0 Diopters

Su Byung Yu, M.D., Helen Lew, M.D., Young Soo Yun, M.D.

Department of Ophthalmology, Pochun CHA University College of Medicine, Pundang CHA Hospital, Sungnam, Korea

Address reprint requests to Helen Lew, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University, #351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi 463-712, Korea, Tel: 82-31-780-5330, Fax: 82-31-780-5333, E-mail: eye@cha.ac.kr

Received 17 August 2006       Accepted 14 August 2007

Copyright © 2007 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To compare myopia progression in patients with astigmatism over 3.0 dipoters and in patients with astigmatism with less than 1.0 diopter.

Methods

Between March 2001 and March 2006, regular refraction was performed in patients without amblyopia or strabismus. Patients with astigmatism over 3.0 diopter were classified into subject group, and patients with astigmatism less than 1.0 diopter were classified into control group. We performed cycloplegic refraction at the first visit, and manifest refraction at follow-up examination. Minimal follow-up period was 12 months. Data analysis was performed with T-test and ANOVA.

Results

There was no difference in myopia progression in patients with astigmatism over 3.0 dipoters and in patients with astigmatism with less than 1.0 diopter. Age, sex, type of astigmatism, spherical equivalent, age to start wearing glasses, and time to watch television and computer didn't show significant influence on myopic progression in subject group and control group. Patients with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters in one eye and astigmatism less than 3.0 diopters in the other eye were evaluated and there was no difference in myopia progression between both eyes. Eyes with non-progressive astigmatism over 3.0 diopters showed similar myopia progression with eyes with progressive astigmatism over 3.0 diopters.

Conclusions

There was no difference in myopia progression between patients with astigmatism over 3.0 dipoters and patients with astigmatism with less than 1.0 diopter.

Keywords: Astigmatism, Myopia progression, 3.0 diopters

References

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Table 1.
Myopia progression in all patients
Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year)
≥ 3.0 diopters (n=62) 0.42±0.47
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=82) 0.48±0.43
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49

P=0.49.

Table 2.
Age and myopia progression
Age (Year) Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
< 7 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=23) 0.39±0.47 0.64
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=32) 0.44±0.49
≥ 7 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=39) 0.44±0.43 0.19
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=50) 0.51±0.46
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 3.
Sex and myopia progression
Sex Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
Male (n=32) ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=32) 0.38±0.49 0.26
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=42) 0.46±0.51
Female (n=30) ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=30) 0.46±0.39 0.67
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=40) 0.50±0.48
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 4.
Type of astigmatism and myopia progression
Type of astigmatism Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
Mixed ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=24) 0.36±0.47 0.13
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=32) 0.46±0.49
Simple myopic/ Compound myopic ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=38) 0.46±0.41 0.56
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=50) 0.49±0.46
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 5.
Axis of astigmatism and myopia progression
Axis of astigmatism Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
With the rule ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=56) 0.43±0.49 0.38
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=68) 0.49±0.51
Against the rule ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=6) 0.33±0.42 0.09
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=14) 0.43±0.46
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 6.
Spherical equivalent and myopia progression
Spherical equivalent Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
< 1.0D ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=16) 0.42±0.41 0.11
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=42) 0.51±0.46
≥ 1.0D ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=46) 0.42±0.37 0.72
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=40) 0.45±0.52
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 7.
Age of first wearing glasses and myopia progression
Age of first wearing glasses Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
< 4 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=12) 0.32±0.42 0.77
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=12) 0.36±0.51
≥ 4 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=50) 0.44±0.47 0.69
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=70) 0.50±0.48
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.52
Table 8.
Time to watch television and to use computer and myopia progression
Time to watch television and to use computer (minute) Astigmatism Myopia progression (D/year) P value
< 90 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=34) 0.39±0.47 0.21
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=28) 0.45±0.50
≥ 90 ≥ 3.0 diopters (n=32) 0.46±0.46 0.49
≤ 1.0 diopter (n=50) 0.50±0.47
Total (n=144) 0.45±0.49
Table 9.
Myopia progression in both eyes in patients with unilateral astigmatism over 3.0 diopters
Group Myopia progression (D/year)
*Group 1 (n=20) 0.46±0.39
†Group 2 (n=20) 0.43±0.41

P=0.86

* Group 1: Eye with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters in patient with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters in only one eye.

† Group 2: Eye with astigmatism 3.0 diopters and less than 3.0 diopters in patient with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters in only one eye.

Table 10.
Astigmatism progression and myopia progression in the subject group
Astigmatism progression Myopia progression (D/year)
* Non progression group (n=46) 0.42±0.47
†Progression group (n=16) 0.42±0.40

P=0.98

* Non progression group: Patients with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters at the beginning of the study.

† Progression group: Patients with astigmatism over 3.0 diopters during the study.

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