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Kim, Lew, and Yun: Correspondence among the Canaliculus Irrigation Test, Dacryocystography and Jones Test in the Epiphora Patients
Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2007;48(8):1017-1022.

Published online: 24 August 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2007.48.8.1017-1022

Correspondence among the Canaliculus Irrigation Test, Dacryocystography and Jones Test in the Epiphora Patients

Chang-Ho Kim, M.D., Helen Lew, M.D., Young-Soo Yun, M.D.

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University, Gyeonggi, Korea

Address reprint requests to Helen Lew, M.D., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine Pochon CHA University, #351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, Korea Tel: 82-31-780-5330, Fax: 82-31-780-5333, E-mail: eye@cha.ac.kr

Received 26 July 2006       Accepted 8 May 2007

Copyright © 2007 Korean Ophthalmological Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The correspondence between the canaliculus irrigation test, dacryocystography, and Jones test in patients with epiphora was investigated.

Methods

The study included 494 eyes of 359 patients who complained of epiphora and underwent both canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography from May 2001 to March 2006. Sixty-eight eyes from 34 patients diagnosed with functional lacrimal duct obstruction took Jones tests. Factors such as age, sex, duration of epiphora, and site of obstruction were analyzed in terms of correspondence of the tests.

Results

Between the canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography, correspondent rate was 55%. Correspondence had no relation to patient age, sex, duration of epiphora, or site of obstruction. Between Jones test and dacryocystography, the correspondent rate was 47%. Factors affecting the correspondences were not significantly found.

Conclusions

A canaliculus irrigation test can give useful information with high correspondence rate of dacryocystography in the case of ‘not pass’ or ‘pass without regurgitation’. Therefore dacryocystography should be utilized in “pass with regurgitation” cases by canaliculus irrigation test.

Keywords: Canaliculus irrigation test, Dacryocystography, Epiphora, Jones test

References

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9. Lee SY, Kim YD, Kwak SI, et al. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. Seoul: Naewae haksool;2004. p. 283–93.
10. Seo TH, Jang HS. The Clinical Evaluation of Dacryocystography in Patients with Epiphora. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 1995; 36:1842–5.
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Table 1.
Correspondence between canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography
Canaliculus irrigation test Dacryocystography
Normal (%) Partial Narrowing (%) Complete Obstruction (%)
Pass without regurgitation (n=181) 78 (43.1) 93 (51.4) 10 (5.5)
Pass with regurgitation (n=138) 16 (11.6) 77 (55.8) 45 (32.6)
Not pass (n=175) 6 (3.4) 51 (29.1) 118 (67.5)
Total (n= 494) 100 (20.2) 221 (44.7) 173 (35.1)

∗ Sensitivity (of canaliculus irrigation test to dacryocystography)=78.0%

Specificity (of canaliculus irrigation test to dacryocystography)=68.2%

Table 2.
Factors affecting correspondence between canaliculus irrigation test and dacryocystography
  Incorrespondence (%) Correspondence (%) p-value
Sex
  Male (n=131) 43 (33.1) 88 (66.9) 0.62
  Female (n=363) 111 (30.6) 252 (69.4)
Age (years)
  <65 (n=371) 124 (33.4) 247 (66.6) 0.68
  ≥65 (123) 30 (24.4) 93 (75.6)
Duration of epiphora (years)
  <3.5 (n=340) 92 (27.1) 248 (72.9) 0.08
  ≥3.5 (n=154) 62 (40.3) 92(59.7)
Table 3.
Correspondence between canaliculus irrigation test and Jones test in the functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients
Canaliculus irrigation test Jones test
I: Positive (%) I : Negative
II: Positive (%)		 II : Negative (%)
Pass without regurgitation (n=41) 14 (34.1) 19 (46.4) 8 (19.5)
Pass with regurgitation (n=27) 8 (29.6) 13 (48.2) 6 (22.2)
Total (n=68) 22 (32.4) 32 (47.1) 14 (20.5)
Table 4.
Correspondence between dacryocystography and Jones test
Dacryocystography Jones test
I : Positive (%) I : Negative
II : Positive (%)		 II : Negative (%)
Normal (n=19) 6 (31.6) 8 (42.1) 5 (26.3)
Partial narrowing (n=37) 12 (32.4) 21 (56.8) 4 (10.8)
Complete obstruction (n=12) 4 (33.3) 3 (25.0) 5 (41.7)
Total (n=68) 22 (32.4) 32 (47.1) 14 (20.5)
Table 5.
Factors affecting correspondence between Jones test and dacryocystography in the functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients.
  Incorrespondence (%) Correspondence (%) p-value
Sex
  Male (n=26) 6 (23.1) 20 (76.9) 0.35
  Female (n=42) 10 (23.8) 32 (76.2)
Age (years)
  < 65 (n=54) 11 (20.4) 43 (79.6) 0.65
  ≥ 65 (n=14) 5 (35.7) 9 (64.3)
Duration of epiphora (years)
  < 3.5 (n=44) 10 (22.7) 34 (77.3) 0.73
  ≥ 3.5 (n=24) 6 (25.0) 18 (75.5)
Site of obstruction on DCG∗
  Lacrimal sac or upper lacrimal duct (n=36) 10 (27.8) 26 (73.2) 0.44
  Nasolacrimal duct (n=32) 6 (18.7) 26 (82.3)

∗ DCG : Dacryocystography.

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