ePub
Citation
Print
| Korean J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jan;71(1):3-9. Korean. Published online Jan 25, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2018.71.1.3 | |
| Copyright © 2018. Korean Society of Gastroenterology | |
Jin Young Yoon,1
Jae Myung Cha,1
Yoon Tae Jeen, 2
Quality Improvement Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE)
and Medical Policy Committee of Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Research (KASID)
| |
|
1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. | |
|
2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. | |
| Correspondence to: Yoon Tae Jeen, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea. Tel: +82-2-920-6555, Fax: +82-2-953-1943,
| |
| Received December 26, 2017; Revised January 10, 2017; Accepted January 10, 2017. | |
|
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- | |
|
Abstract
| |
|
Colonoscopy is currently regarded as the gold standard and preferred method of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the benefit of colonoscopy screening may be blunted by low participation rate in population-based screening program. Harmful effects of population-based colonoscopy screening may include complications induced by colonoscopy itself and by sedation, psychosocial distress, potential over-diagnosis and socioeconomic burden. In addition, harmful effect of colonoscopy may increase with age and comorbidity. As the adverse event risk in population-based colonoscopy screening may offset benefit of the screening colonoscopy, the adverse events associated with screening colonoscopy should be well managed and monitored. To adopt population-based colonoscopy screening, consensus for the risk and benefits of screening colonoscopy should be formed for its potential harms, patient preference, socioeconomic considerations, quality improvement of colonoscopy as well as its efficacy for CRC prevention. As the suboptimal colonoscopy quality is a major pitfall of population-based colonoscopy screening, adequate training and provider regulation for screening colonoscopists should be the first step to minimize the variation of quality between colonoscopists. Gastroenterologists should lead quality improvement, auditing, and training associated with colonoscopy in a population-based colonoscopy screening program. |
|
Keywords: Colonic neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Quality; Safety; Mass screening |
|
|
Notes
|
Financial support:None.
Conflict of interest:None.
This article is co-published by the Korean Journal of Gastroenterology, Clinical Endoscopy, and Intestinal Research for facilitated distribution.
|
References
|
| 1. | Causes of death statistics in 2016: incidence and mortality of cancer. [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2017 Sep; [updated 2018 Jan 9]. [cited 2017 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_
|
| 2. | Schreuders EH, Ruco A, Rabeneck L, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: a global overview of existing programmes. Gut 2015;64:1637–1649. 
|
| 3. | van der Steen A, Knudsen AB, van Hees F, et al. Optimal colorectal cancer screening in states' low-income, uninsured populations-the case of South Carolina. Health Serv Res 2015;50:768–789.
|
| 4. | Gupta S, Halm EA, Rockey DC, et al. Comparative effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test outreach, colonoscopy outreach, and usual care for boosting colorectal cancer screening among the underserved: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1725–1732.
|
| 5. | Shin A, Choi KS, Jun JK, et al. Validity of fecal occult blood test in the national cancer screening program, Korea. PLoS One 2013;8:e79292
|
| 6. | Yoo KY. Cancer control activities in the Republic of Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008;38:327–333.
|
| 7. | Singal AG, Gupta S, Tiro JA, et al. Outreach invitations for FIT and colonoscopy improve colorectal cancer screening rates: a randomized controlled trial in a safety-net health system. Cancer 2016;122:456–463.
|
| 8. | Wong MC, Ching JY, Chan VC, Sung JJ. The comparative cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening using faecal immunochemical test vs. colonoscopy. Sci Rep 2015;5:13568.
|
| 9. | Quintero E, Castells A, Bujanda L, et al. Colonoscopy versus fecal immunochemical testing in colorectal-cancer screening. N Engl J Med 2012;366:697–706.
|
| 10. | Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ 2014;348:g2467.
|
| 11. | Stock C, Pulte D, Haug U, Brenner H. Subsite-specific colorectal cancer risk in the colorectal endoscopy era. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:621–630.
|
| 12. | Cho YH, Kim DH, Cha JM, et al. Patients' preferences for primary colorectal cancer screening: a survey of the national colorectal cancer screening program in Korea. Gut Liver 2017;11:821–827. 
|
| 13. | Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O'Brien MJ, et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths. N Engl J Med 2012;366:687–696.
|
| 14. | Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, et al. Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1095–1105.
|
| 15. | Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, O'Brien MJ, et al. Randomized comparison of surveillance intervals after colonoscopic removal of newly diagnosed adenomatous polyps. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med 1993;328:901–906.
|
| 16. | Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Jansen L, Knebel P, Stock C, Hoffmeister M. Reduced risk of colorectal cancer up to 10 years after screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2014;146:709–717.
|
| 17. | Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM, Rickert A, Hoffmeister M. Protection from colorectal cancer after colonoscopy: a population-based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:22–30.
|
| 18. | Kahi CJ, Imperiale TF, Juliar BE, Rex DK. Effect of screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:770–775. quiz 711.
|
| 19. | Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, et al. Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study. Gut 2018;67:291–298.
|
| 20. | Inadomi JM, Vijan S, Janz NK, et al. Adherence to colorectal cancer screening: a randomized clinical trial of competing strategies. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:575–582.
|
| 21. | Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1365–1371.
|
| 22. | Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jørgensen OD, Søndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet 1996;348:1467–1471.
|
| 23. | Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, et al. Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet 1996;348:1472–1477.
|
| 24. | Hol L, Wilschut JA, van Ballegooijen M, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: random comparison of guaiac and immunochemical faecal occult blood testing at different cut-off levels. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1103–1110.
|
| 25. | Hoff G, Grotmol T, Skovlund E, Bretthauer M. Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention Study Group. Risk of colorectal cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;338:b1846.
|
| 26. | Atkin WS, Hart A, Edwards R, et al. Uptake, yield of neoplasia, and adverse effects of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening. Gut 1998;42:560–565.
|
| 27. | Citarda F, Tomaselli G, Capocaccia R, Barcherini S, Crespi M. Italian Multicentre Study Group. Efficacy in standard clinical practice of colonoscopic polypectomy in reducing colorectal cancer incidence. Gut 2001;48:812–815.
|
| 28. | Segnan N, Senore C, Andreoni B, et al. Comparing attendance and detection rate of colonoscopy with sigmoidoscopy and FIT for colorectal cancer screening. Gastroenterology 2007;132:2304–2312.
|
| 29. | Dominitz JA, Robertson DJ. Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test in Reducing Mortality From Colorectal Cancer (CONFIRM). [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Institute of Health; 2010 Nov 11; [updated 2017 Aug 10]. [cited 2017 Dec 15]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT-
|
| 30. | Kaminski MF, Bretthauer M, Zauber AG, et al. The NordICC Study: rationale and design of a randomized trial on colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer. Endoscopy 2012;44:695–702.
|
| 31. | Denis B, Gendre I, Sauleau EA, Lacroute J, Perrin P. Harms of colonoscopy in a colorectal cancer screening programme with faecal occult blood test: a population-based cohort study. Dig Liver Dis 2013;45:474–480.
|
| 32. | Vermeer NC, Snijders HS, Holman FA, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: systematic review of screen-related morbidity and mortality. Cancer Treat Rev 2017;54:87–98.
|
| 33. | Ko CW, Riffle S, Michaels L, et al. Serious complications within 30 days of screening and surveillance colonoscopy are uncommon. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:166–173.
|
| 34. | Bretthauer M, Kaminski MF, Løberg M, et al. Population-based colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:894–902.
|
| 35. | Warren JL, Klabunde CN, Mariotto AB, et al. Adverse events after outpatient colonoscopy in the Medicare population. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:849–857. W152.
|
| 36. | Ranasinghe I, Parzynski CS, Searfoss R, et al. Differences in colonoscopy quality among facilities: development of a post-colonoscopy risk-standardized rate of unplanned hospital visits. Gastroenterology 2016;150:103–113.
|
| 37. | Day LW, Kwon A, Inadomi JM, Walter LC, Somsouk M. Adverse events in older patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:885–896.
|
| 38. | van Rijn JC, Reitsma JB, Stoker J, Bossuyt PM, van Deventer SJ, Dekker E. Polyp miss rate determined by tandem colonoscopy: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:343–350.
|
| 39. | Pickhardt PJ, Nugent PA, Mysliwiec PA, Choi JR, Schindler WR. Location of adenomas missed by optical colonoscopy. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:352–359.
|
| 40. | Rex DK, Cutler CS, Lemmel GT, et al. Colonoscopic miss rates of adenomas determined by back-to-back colonoscopies. Gastroenterology 1997;112:24–28.
|
| 41. | Heresbach D, Barrioz T, Lapalus MG, et al. Miss rate for colorectal neoplastic polyps: a prospective multicenter study of back-to-back video colonoscopies. Endoscopy 2008;40:284–290.
|
| 42. | Bressler B, Paszat LF, Vinden C, Li C, He J, Rabeneck L. Colonoscopic miss rates for right-sided colon cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastroenterology 2004;127:452–456.
|
| 43. | Lin JS, Piper MA, Perdue LA, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA 2016;315:2576–2594.
|
| 44. | Choi KY, Lee BI, Lee SY, et al. Colonoscopic miss-rate of colorectal polyp and adenoma. Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2003;26:199–204.
|
| 45. | Bressler B, Paszat LF, Chen Z, Rothwell DM, Vinden C, Rabeneck L. Rates of new or missed colorectal cancers after colonoscopy and their risk factors: a population-based analysis. Gastroenterology 2007;132:96–102.
|
| 46. | Singh H, Nugent Z, Demers AA, Bernstein CN. Rate and predictors of early/missed colorectal cancers after colonoscopy in Manitoba: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2588–2596.
|
| 47. | Rabeneck L, Paszat LF, Saskin R. Endoscopist specialty is associated with incident colorectal cancer after a negative colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:275–279.
|
| 48. | Cha JM, Han DS, Lee HL, et al. Endoscopist specialty is associated with high-quality endoscopy in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2012;53:310–317.
|
| 49. | Rex DK, Schoenfeld PS, Cohen J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2015;81:31–53.
|
| 50. | Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Greenlaw RL. Effect of a time-dependent colonoscopic withdrawal protocol on adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1091–1098.
|
| 51. | Khalid-de Bakker C, Jonkers D, Smits K, Mesters I, Masclee A, Stockbrügger R. Participation in colorectal cancer screening trials after first-time invitation: a systematic review. Endoscopy 2011;43:1059–1086.
|
| 52. | Wong MC, John GK, Hirai HW, et al. Changes in the choice of colorectal cancer screening tests in primary care settings from 7,845 prospectively collected surveys. Cancer Causes Control 2012;23:1541–1548.
|
| 53. | Rex DK, Hewett DG, Raghavendra M, Chalasani N. The impact of videorecording on the quality of colonoscopy performance: a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2312–2317.
|