Bloating

Hyun Jik Lee; Kyung Sik Park

doi:10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.288

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Lee and Park: Bloating

Review Article

Korean J Gastroenterol 2017;70(6):288-295.

Published online: 4 October 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.288

Bloating

Hyun Jik Lee, Kyung Sik Park

Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea

Correspondence to: Kyung Sik Park, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41931, Korea. Tel: +82-53-250-7088, Fax: +82-53-250-7442, E-mail: seenae99@dsmc.or.kr

Received 13 November 2017 Accepted 5 December 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Bloating is one of the most common and troublesome problems in a large proportion of patients with gastrointestinal disorders but the mechanism is not completely understood. Several factors, including gas-producing intestinal microbiota, disturbed handling of intestinal gas, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal viscero-somatic responses, fermentable diet, and psychological factors, have been suggested as mechanisms. For an assessment, thorough medical history-taking and physical examination are the first steps. On the other hand, organic disorders should always be considered first for a differential diagnosis. The therapeutic options available are considered challenging and still limited in clinical practice. The treatment strategy may include diet modification, pharmacologic approach, psychiatric approach, biofeedback, etc. Further studies will be needed to explore the variable mechanism of bloating and develop an efficient treatment.

Keywords: Bloating, Distension, Gastrointestinal tract, Hypersensitivity

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