The Intestinal Microbiota and Human Disease

Jae Sung Ko

doi:10.4166/kjg.2013.62.2.85

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Ko: The Intestinal Microbiota and Human Disease

Review Article

Korean J Gastroenterol 2013;62(2):85-91.

Published online: 4 October 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2013.62.2.85

The Intestinal Microbiota and Human Disease

Jae Sung Ko

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence to: Jae Sung Ko, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2072-2197, Fax: +82-2-743-3455, E-mail: kojs@snu.ac.kr

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Advances in sequencing technology and the development of metagenomics have opened up new ways to investigate the microorganisms inhabiting the human gut. The intestinal microbiota confer protection against pathogens, contribute to the maturation of the immune system, and regulate host metabolism. The composition of gut microbiota in early life is influenced by mode of birth, diet, and antibiotics. Decreased biodiversity and alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been observed in many diseases including obesity, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Therapeutic options for the diseases linked to imbalance in the microbiota include modifying the gut microbiota through diet, probiotics, and fecal transplants.

Keywords: Microbiota, Metagenomics, Microbiome

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