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Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the effects of anthropometric and serological parameters on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in Korean men.
Materials and Methods
This study included 92,891 healthy Korean men who visited our health promotion center for a general health checkup. The mean age of the participants was 42.6 years (range, 20-77 years). Exclusion criteria were a serum PSA level over 4.0 ng/dl or pyuria on urinalysis (>5 white blood cells/high power field). All participants were evaluated for several anthropometric factors (height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], body surface area [BSA], fat mass, body fat percentage, and lean body mass) and for serologic parameters including components of the metabolic syndrome (fasting blood sugar, triglyceride [TG], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) biochemically. We analyzed the relationship between serum PSA levels and the various anthropometric and serologic parameters.
Results
In the univariate analysis, serum PSA levels were significantly positively correlated with age and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol after adjustment for age. On the other hand, serum PSA levels were negatively correlated with height, weight, BMI, BSA, fat mass, body fat percentage, lean body mass, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and TG. In the multivariate analysis, age and LDL-cholesterol had positive correlations with serum PSA levels, but BMI, BSA, fat mass, lean body mass, and TG were negatively correlated with PSA levels.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the serum PSA level is significantly influenced by age, the components of metabolic syndrome (BMI, TG), and serologic parameters such as LDL-cholesterol. The normal range of serum PSA should be considered in association with metabolic syndrome and anthropometric factors as well as age.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Distribution of clinical parameters
SD: standard deviation, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, BP: blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, BSA: body surface area, FBS: fasting blood sugar, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, γGTP: γ-glutamyltransferase, HDL cholesterol: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Table 2
Age-adjusted partial correlation between PSA and
selected characteristics
PSA: prostate-specific antigen, BP: blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, BSA: body surface area, FBS: fasting blood sugar, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, γGTP: γ-glutamyltransferase, HDL cholesterol: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, a: partial correlation coefficient between PSA and selected characteristics adjusted by age
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