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Kim, Lee, Kim, Park, Kwon, and Lee: The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nocturia for Males Participating in a Prostate Examination Survey
Original Article
Korean Journal of Urology

Korean Journal of Urology 2008; 49(9): 818-825.

Published online: 30 September 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2008.49.9.818

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nocturia for Males Participating in a Prostate Examination Survey

Byeong Seok Kim, Jae Won Lee, Yong Tae Kim, Hae Young Park, Sung Won Kwon1, Tchun Yong Lee

Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea.

1Korea Prostate Health Council, Seoul, Korea.

harabugi@hanyang.ac.kr

Received 21 March 2008       Accepted 30 July 2008

Copyright © 2008 The Korean Urological Association

Abstract

Purpose

Elderly men are often troubled by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including frequency, urgency, incontinence and nocturia. Especially, nocturia is one of the frequently complained about urologic symptoms and this can be combined with sleep disorders. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors for nocturia in males who participated in a prostate examination survey.

Materials and Methods

A total of 7,299 men participated in a prostate examination survey from March 2003 to December 2006; these men were given an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and they underwent transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate. The prevalence of nocturia and its associated factors, which included age, the IPSS severity, the prostate volume and the place of residence, were evaluated.

Results

Among the men who were evaluated, 23.4% reported voiding once per night and 68% reported voiding twice or more per night. The severe IPSS group revealed a significantly higher nocturia score compared to the mild and moderate IPSS group. While the nocturia score and the other LUTS score increased significantly with age, only the nocturia score increased significantly with age in each of the IPSS severity groups. The nocturia score increased significantly with a prostate volume ≥30g. Men living in Seoul showed a significantly lower nocturia score than that for men living in other areas. Multiple logistic regression analysis also indicated that an older age, a severe IPSS score, the country of residence were the independent risk factors. Multiple regression analysis revealed the nocturia score to have the highest correlation with the quality of life.

Conclusions

For Korean males, the prevalence of nocturia ≥2 is 68% and the incidence of nocturia increased significantly according to age, the IPSS severity, the prostate volume and the place of residence.

Keywords: Nocturia, Prevalence, International Prostate Symptom Score

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
A plot of the nocturia score according to IPSS severity. The nocturia score increased significantly with the IPSS severity (p<0.001 by ANOVA). IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score.
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Fig. 2
(A) A plot of the nocturia score according to the age group. The nocturia score increased significantly with age (p<0.001 by ANOVA) (B) A plot of the nocturia score according to age in each IPSS severity group. The nocturia score increased significantly with age in each IPSS severity group (p<0.01 by ANOVA). IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score.
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Fig. 3
(A) A plot of the other LUTS score according to the age group. The other LUTS score increased significantly with age (p<0.001 by ANOVA) (B) A plot of the other LUTS score according to age in each IPSS severity group. The other LUTS score didn't increase significantly with age in each of the IPSS severity group (p>0.05 by ANOVA). LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score.
kju-49-818-g003
Fig. 4
A plot of the nocturia score according to the prostate volume. The nocturia score increased significantly with a prostate volume≥30g (p<0.05 by ANOVA).
kju-49-818-g004
Fig. 5
A plot of the nocturia score according to the place of residence. Men living in Seoul showed a significantly lower nocturia score than the men living in other areas of Korea (p<0.001 by ANOVA).
kju-49-818-g005
Table 1
The demographic characteristics of the participants
kju-49-818-i001

IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score, QoL: quality of life

Table 2
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the influence of nocturia
kju-49-818-i002

IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score, CI: confidence interval

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