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Abstract
Purpose
Magnolia officinalis has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. The main constituents of Magnolia officinalis are honokiol and magnolol, which have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. This study examined the anticancer effect of a Magnolia officinalis’ extract on urinary bladder cancer in vivo.
Materials and Methods
Male mice C3H/He were used as the experimental animals. The mice were divided into ten groups. Normal drinking water was provided to group 1 (5 mice) for 20 weeks and 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) was added to in the drinking water of group 2 (5 mice). 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% Magnolia officinalis’ extract was added to groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively (5 mice each), and 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% Magnolia officinalis’ extract plus 0.05% BBN was added to groups 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively (10 mice each) for the same period. All surviving mice were sacrificed at week 20 to investigate the occurrence of bladder cancer, stage and grade.
Results
Bladder cancer was not observed in groups 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mice. The rates of bladder cancer occurrence were 57.1, 66.7, 44.4 and 20.0% in groups 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively. The incidence decreased with increasing concentration of Magnolia officinalis (p=0.005). However, the stage and grade were not associated with the concentration of Magnolia officinalis (each p＞0.05).
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Fig. 1.
Experimental protocol for the effect of Magnolia officinalis. BBN: N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.
Fig. 2.
Gross findings of the urinary bladder in the mice. (A) The inflated bladder by formalin in mice treated with normal drinking water or Magnolia officinalis. (B) The inflated bladder by formalin in mice treated with BBN and Magnolia officinalis. BBN: N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.
Fig. 3.
Microscopic findings of BBN induced bladder cancer in the mice. Group 1 (saline) urinary bladder has a normal appearance. Group 2 (BBN) bladder cancer shows a massive infiltrative growth pattern out of the bladder wall. Group 7, 8, 9 and 10 show that the BBN induced bladder cancer decreased with increasing concentration of Magnolia officinalis. BBN: N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.
Table 1.
The stage and grade of the bladder cancers in each group treated with 0.05% BBN and Magnolia officinalis
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