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Abstract
Purpose
Amplification and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 genes were analyzed in the tissues of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients.
Materials and Methods
Gene amplifications of the EGFR and HER-2 gene were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with direct sequencing. Studies were performed on 10 patients; tissues were sampled at the time of initial diagnosis and after the conversion to HRPC (a total of 20 tissue samples). Direct sequencing was performed on exons 18–24 of the EGFR gene and exons 19 and 20 of the HER-2 gene. The amplifications and mutations were compared with the clinicopathologic features.
Results
Gene amplification of the EGFR gene was observed in 6 (30%) out of 20 samples. A total of six EGFR mutations in exons 18 and 19 were detected in three pairs of tissues (three patients). One patient with a hormone refractory status had a novel deletion mutation in EGFR exon 19. EGFR mutations were associated with the acinar type of prostate cancer, but they were not associated with the ductal type. No significant correlation was found between mutation change and the hormone sensitive or refractory status. However, the time to convert to HRPC was significantly shorter in the patients with a mutation in the EGFR gene (p=0.017). There were no HER-2 gene amplifications or mutations found in any of the samples.
References
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Fig. 1.
The change of the suppression of cell proliferation in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) ZD1839 in a dose-dependent manner at the prostate cancer cell lines.
Fig. 2.
Observation of the amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cells that were morphologically normal and had a ratio of the pink EGFR signal to the green centromere 7 signal higher than 2 in nonoverlapping nuclei were classified as having a gene amplification.
Table 1.
Clinical and pathological characteristic of the subject patients
Table 2.
The nucleic acid sequence of the forward and reverse primers for the EGFR and HER-2 genes
Table 3.
The summary of the amplification and mutations of the EGFR gene in acinar type adenocarcinoma
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