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Abstract
This study aimed to classify individuals who had perpetrated child sexual abuse according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) typologies of child molesters and to assess the correlations between sociodemographic and criminal variables. We examined a total of 26 patients diagnosed with pedophilia (DSM-Ⅳ-TR criteria) who had been hospitalized in the National Forensic Hospital for Cure Custody. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and reviews of patient records. Patients were classified into preferential offenders or situational offenders based on FBI typologies. Current and first offense ages of preferential offenders were younger than those of situational offenders. Preferential offenders were more likely to have been exposed to sexual abuse during childhood, and were more likely to watch child pornography than situational offenders (p < 0.05). Additionally, recidivists had lower IQs (intelligence quotient), lower levels of education, and longer illness durations than first-time offenders (p < 0.05). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that IQ and duration of illness might be risk factors of recidivism, although results were not statistically significant (p < 0.1). We found that classification of individuals who had sexually abused children into preferential or situational types, based on FBI typologies, provided on pedophile characteristics and probability of recidivism. We highly recommended that low IQ patients receive intensive treatment and education in order to reduce the possibility of future offenses.
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Table 1.
Sociodemographic and Criminal Characteristics of Participants
| Factors | Variables | N (%) | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | Age (years, mean ± SD∗) | 41.58 ± 13.08 | 25-81 |
| Education (years, mean ± SD) | 09.81 ± 3.95 | 00-16 | |
| IQ† (mean ± SD) | 98.88 ± 16.51 | 73-131 | |
| Martial status | |||
| Married | 10 (38.4) | ||
| Unmarried | 13 (50.0) | ||
| Divorced | 03 (11.6) | ||
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 22 (84.6) | ||
| Unemployed | 04 (15.4) | ||
| Criminal | Age at 1st crime (years, mean ± SD) | 31.62 ± 14.15 | 13-75 |
| Duration of illness (years, mean ± SD) | 08.23 ± 8.49 | 00-35 | |
| Total imprisoned number (mean ± SD) | 01.85 ± 1.31 | 01-5 | |
| Severity of crime | |||
| Sexual molestation (not rape) | 13 (50.0) | ||
| Rape | 13 (50.0) |
Table 2.
The FBI Typologies of Child Molesters
Table 3-1.
Difference by the FBI Typologies of Child Molesters
| Preferential (n=15, %) | Situational (n=11, %) | t-score | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Age (years) | 34.60 (9.44) | 51.09 (11.42) | -4.028 | .000 |
| Age at 1st crime (years) | 24.80 (9.08) | 40.91 (14.84) | -3.430 | .002 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 8.00 (5.85) | 8.55 (11.50) | -0.159 | .875 |
| Total imprisoned number | 1.93 (1.28) | 1.73 (1.42) | 0.387 | .702 |
| IQ∗ | 94.73 (17.62) | 104.55 (13.61) | -1.537 | .137 |
| Education (years) | 11.07 (3.78) | 8.09 (3.64) | 2.010 | .056 |
| Sexually abused history during childhood | 6 (23.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Seperated history from parents before age 1 | 16 3 (11.5) | 4 (15.3) | ||
| Watching the child pornography over once | a week 10 (38.4) | 1 (3.8) |
Table 3-2.
Difference between First-time Offenders and Recidivists
| First-time offenders (n=16, %) | Recidivists (n=10, %) | t-score | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Age (years) | 39.94 (10.76) | 44.20 (16.43) | -0.803 | .430 |
| Age at 1st crime (years) | 33.06 (11.98) | 29.30 (17.53) | 0.652 | .521 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 5.25 (6.38) | 13.00 (9.56) | -2.486 | .020 |
| Total imprisoned number | 1.00 (0.00) | 3.20 (1.22) | 0.000 | .000 |
| IQ∗ | 104.88 (16.72) | 89.30 (11.17) | 2.595 | .016 |
| Education (years) | 11.25 (2.97) | 7.50 (4.35) | 2.616 | .015 |
| Sexually abused history during childhood | 3 (11.5) | 3 (11.5) | ||
| Seperated history from parents before age 16 | 6 (23.0) | 1 (3.8) | ||
| Watching the child pornography over once a week | 6 (23.0) | 5 (19.2) |
Table 4.
The Factors Related with Recidivism (Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis)
| Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lower limit | upper limit | |||
| Duration of illness (years) | 1.184 | 0.971 | 1.443 | 0.096 |
| IQ∗ | 0.914 | 0.821 | 1.017 | 0.098 |
| Education(years) | 0.801 | 0.587 | 1.095 | 0.164 |
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