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Park, Lee, Ryu, Jang, and Kim: Effect of CORE Program on Cognitive, Social and Emotional Characteristics of Sex Offenders
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Korean J Leg Med 2013;37(3):145-152.

Published online: 17 January 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2013.37.3.145

Effect of CORE Program on Cognitive, Social and Emotional Characteristics of Sex Offenders

Jin-Hyuk Park1, Jae-Woo Lee1, Mi-Kyung Ryu1, So-Young Jang1, Jong-Kyun Kim2

1Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Justice, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam, Korea

2Solmaeum Psychiatric Clinic, Daejeon, Korea

책임저자 : 박진혁 (314-716) 충남 공주시 반포면 반포초교 길 253 국립법무병원 정신건강의학과 전화 : +82-41-840-5459 FAX : +82-41-840-5498 E-mail : doctorpj@hanmail.net

Received 29 July 2013       Revised 15 August 2013       Accepted 23 August 2013

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society for Legal Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop the CORE Program for sex offenders and to determine its effectiveness. The CORE Program was designed with an aim to achieve cognitive restructuring, improve the ability to empathize in interpersonal relationships, and enhance self-esteem and intimacy. We conducted this program over 48 sessions for 28 sex offenders. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using the Interpersonal Responsiveness Index (IRI), Self-esteem Questionnaire (SEQ), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLALS), Coping Using Sex Inventory (CUSI), Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (RMAS), and Wilson’ s Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (WSFQ). The data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Our results showed no significant changes in the SEQ, UCLALS, and IRI scores after the treatment program. However, the scores for the CUSI, RMAS, and WSFQ significantly improved after this program. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the CORE Program for sex offenders. We also discuss the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research. Our findings indicate that this treatment program should be provided to sex offenders for preventing recidivism.

Keywords: Key Words, Sex offender, Paraphilia, CORE Program, Recidivism

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Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Subjects
  Participants (N = 28, %)
Age (years, mean ± SD) 39.5 ± 6.8
Education (years, mean ± SD) 11.1 ± 2.3
Unmarried/divorced 20 (71.4)
No prior treatment 19 (67.9)
Problem drinker 8 (28.6)
Occupational history 21 (75)
Diagnosis  
 pedophilia 14 (50)
 voyeurism 1 (3.6)
 exhibitionism 2 (7.1)
 sexual Sadism 11 (39.3)
Table 2.
Characteristics of Sex Offenses
  Participants (N = 28, %)
Number of sex offenses (mean ± SD) 3.36 ± 2.98
Age at initial sex offense (years, mean ± SD) 33.8 ± 9.3
Age of victims  
 preschool 2 (7.1)
 elementary 11 (39.3)
 middle-high school 5 (17.9)
 adult 10 (35.7)
Type of sex offense  
 rape 13 (46.4)
 attempted rape 1 (3.6)
 burglar rape 2 (7.1)
 molestation 12 (42.9)
Risk of recidivism  
 low risk 1 (3.6)
 medium risk 13 (46.4)
 high risk 14 (50.0)
Table 3.
Effect of Core Program
  Pretreatment Posttreatment Statistics
mean ± SD∗ mean ± SD t† p
Interpersonal responsiveness index 69.54 ± 14.65 65.93 ± 15.32 1.59 .123
Self-esteem questionnaire 13.25 ± 4.19 13.64 ± 3.46 -0.70 .492
UCLA loneliness scale 42.61 ± 6.01 42.21 ± 5.76 0.52 .611
Coping using sex inventory 28.07 ± 8.76 24.18 ± 5.85 3.33 .003†
Rape myth scale 63.18 ± 29.65 51.10 ± 28.59 3.31 .003†
Wilson’ s sex fantasy questionnaire 43.39 ± 32.00 33.86 ± 24.23 2.40 .024

∗ SD: Standard Deviation;

† t: T-test;

† : p < 0.05

Table 4.
Diagnostic Distribution of Patients admitted to National Institute of Forensic Psychiatry with Sex Offense
  Age 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60- Total
Paraphilia     20 30 22 9 2 83
Schizophrenia     3 13 18 8 1 43
Mental retardation   1 9 12 3 1 1 27
Bipolar disorder     1 6 4 1 1 13
Alcohol related disorder       2 4 2   8
Impulse control disorder   1 3 1 3     8
Personality disorder     1 3 1 1   6
Psychotic disorder NOS   1   2 2 1   6
Mood disorder     1   2     3
Others     1 2 2     5
Total   3 39 71 61 23 5 202
부록 1.
핵심 프로그램의 단계와 세부과정
단계(괄호는 별칭) 세부 과정
1. 첫 만남과 소개(일단은…) 1.1 오리엔테이션
1.2 첫 만남, 집단이란?
1.3 함께하는 즐거움
1.4 우리 규칙을 정하자!
1.5 무엇을 할 것인가?
1.6 집단 응집력 만들기
2. 나는(이런 모습 있어요) 2.1 자서전 쓰기
2.2 인생 곡선 만들기
2.3 인생 회고록
2.4 가계도 그리기
3. 행복, 꿈, 미래(세 가지 소원) 3.1 좋은 삶, 인생의 목표
3.2 인생의 목표와 수레바퀴
3.3 꿈을 위해서 나는
3.4 과거 나의 인생 목표 달성의 문제점
3.5 인생 목표 달성 위해 버려야 할 것과 필요한 것
4. 범죄 노출(사실은 이런 일이) 4.1 죄라고 생각하는 것은?
4.2 첫 범행의 기억은?
4.3 내가 생각하는 내 성범죄의 원인은?
5. 동기화(오늘보다 나은 내일) 5.1 재판(수사) 과정에서 억울한 것들
5.2 이 사건을 통해서 감당해야 하는 것 (잃은 것)은?
5.3 피해자로부터의 편지
5.4 피해자에게 보내는 편지
5.5 내가 왜 이 곳에 있어야 하는가?
6. 성 관념/왜곡된 인지(육체와 성) 6.1 성에 대한 학습, 역사
6.2 나는 왜 성에 몰두하는가?
6.3 내가 경험한 최상의 섹스는?
6.4 세상은 남자 중심, 여자는 성적 착취의 대상
6.5 아내와의 sex 보다 폭력적인 타인과의 sex가 더 좋다.
7. 일탈된 성(치료가 필요한데) 7.1 최고로 흥분된 성관계 장면은?
7.2 야동을 왜 자꾸 저장해 두는 것일까?
7.3 자위행위를 가장 많이 할 때는?
7.4 내가 혹시 성적으로 이상한가요?
8. 대인관계(팔방미인) 8.1 나의 애착 유형은 무엇일까?
8.2 연애/실연 경험은?
8.3 나에게 가장 소중한 사람은?
8.4 나의 동반자는? (내 이상형은?)
8.5 가만히 있으면 나만 손해?
9. 자기조절(구급약) 9.1 자기조절 성공경험
9.2 분노 감정을 조절할 수 있을까?
9.3 나의 스트레스 해결 방법은?
9.4 가장 화가 많이 날 때는?
9.5 내가 폭발할 때 어떻게 알려주나?
10. 좋은 삶을 위한 퇴소 계획(십중팔구 괜찮도록) 10.1 중요한 목표를 달성하기 위해서는?
10.2 내 인생 목표를 달성할 구체적 계획과 방법은?
10.3 인생 목표 달성하는데 예상되는 난관들은?
10.4 인생목표 달성, 범하기 쉬운 잘못과 문제점은?
10.5 퇴소 후 경제활동/돈은 어떻게 벌 것인가?
10.6 위치추적장치를 부착한다면, 그 장점과 단점은?
10.7 성충동약물치료를 받는다면, 그 장점과 단점은?
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