The recent therapeutic advances for treating hematologic neoplasm have improved patients' survival, but these treatments have increased the frequency of neurologic complications and toxic effects. Most of the neurological features of leukemia are divided into three main categories: the primary effects of the disease, the treatment-related side effects and the infectious complications. The purpose of this pictorial assay is to document the radiologic abnormalities seen in the intracranial structures during and after the treatment of leukemia, and to aid in the clinical management of patients.