Metabolic Regulation of Nuclear Receptors

Eun Kyung Lee; Young Joo Park

doi:10.3803/jkes.2008.23.3.155

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Lee and Park: Metabolic Regulation of Nuclear Receptors

Review Article

Journal of Korean Endocrine Society

Journal of Korean Endocrine Society 2008; 23(3): 155-164.

Published online: 20 June 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.3.155

Metabolic Regulation of Nuclear Receptors

Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park

Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Nuclear receptors as ligand-dependent transcription factors. A. the structure of the nuclear receptor : N-terminal activation function 1 (AF1), DNA binding, ligand binding, and C-terminal AF2 domains. B. Response elements in the nuclear receptor can be configured as either direct, inverted, or everted repeats of the hexad core sequence AGGTCA. The number of nucleotides between the two core elements (n) confers additional specificity. C. RXR heterodimers constitutively bind to response elements in the promoter regions of target genes.

Fig. 2

Metabolic regulation by thyroid hormone receptor (TR).

Fig. 3

Metabolic regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).

Fig. 4

Metabolic regulation by Liver X receptor (LXR).

Fig. 5

Metabolic regulation by farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Fig. 6

Metabolic regulation by pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).

Fig. 7

Metabolic regulation by small heterodimer partner (SHP)

Table 1

Classification of Nuclear Receptors

NR, nuclear receptor; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; PR, progesteron receptor; AR, androgen receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; TR, thyroid hormone receptor; RAR, retinoic acid receptor; VDR, vitamin D receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; LXR, liver X receptor; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; PXR, pregnane X receptor; CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; HNF-4, hepatocyte nuclear receptor-4; ROR, retinoid-related orphan receptor; ERR, estrogen related receptor; SHP, small heterodimer partner; DAX-1, Dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1; TLX, Tailless homolog; PNR, Photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor; GCNF, Germ cell nuclear factor 1; COUP-TFII, Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II.

Table 2

Nuclear Receptors Associated with Metabolic Disease, and Their Synthetic Ligands

GR, glucocorticoid receptor; TR, thyroid hormone receptor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; LXR, liver X receptor; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; PXR, pregnane X receptor; CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; SHP, small heterodimer partner.

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