Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.48(2) > 1003297

TOOLS
Jung and Shin: Actor and Partner Effects of Health Status, Marital Satisfaction and Self Efficacy on Retirement Preparation of Middle Aged Couples: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis
Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):154-166.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.154

Actor and Partner Effects of Health Status, Marital Satisfaction and Self Efficacy on Retirement Preparation of Middle Aged Couples: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis

Eun Hee Jung1, Sung Hee Shin1, 2,

1College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul

2East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

Address reprint requests to : Shin, Sung Hee College of Nursing Science · East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea Tel: +82-2-961-0917 Fax: +82-2-961-9398 E-mail: sunghshin@khu.ac.kr

Received 18 May 2017       Revised 12 March 2018       Accepted 14 March 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Society of Nursing Science

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of health status, marital satisfaction, and self efficacy on retirement preparation in middle aged couples using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.

Methods

Participants were 121 middle aged couples living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Daegu City, Korea. All measures were self-administered. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results

1) Wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed direct actor and partner effects on retirement preparation in middle aged couples. Wife's health status showed an indirect actor effect through wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation, and showed an indirect partner effect through husband's self efficacy on husband's retirement preparation. 2) Husband's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed only direct actor effect on retirement preparation. Health status among the husbands showed an indirect actor effect on husband's retirement preparation through their self efficacy and marital satisfaction, and an indirect partner effect through wife's marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation. 3) The actor effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was larger among husband's than wife's. Additionally, the partner effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was different between the two groups; however, the actor and partner effect size of self efficacy and marital satisfaction on retirement preparation was the same for husband and wife.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention strategies for improving self efficacy and marital satisfaction are strongly needed to enhance retirement preparation of middle aged couples in Korean community.

Keywords: Retirement, Health Status, Self Efficacy, Middle Aged

References

1. Statistics Korea. Population projections by province: 2015-2065 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea;[cited 2017 Apr 17]. Available from:. http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/Each-DtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1009.
2. Park YS. Multi-dimensional poverty in 67.3% of elderly [Internet]. Seoul: Yonhapnews;c2016. [cited 2017 Apr 17]. Available from:. http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/01/22/0200000000AKR20160122153700017.HTML?in-put=1195m/.
3. Kang SO, Ha KS. Relations between the middle aged’s perception of successful aging and their preparations for the old age. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2013; 11(12):121–144. https://doi.org/10.14400/jdpm.2013.11.12.121.
crossref
4. National Pension Research Institute. 2016 Economic life and retirement preparation in middle old age [Internet]. Jeonju: National Pension Research Institute;[cited 2017 Apr 17]. Available from:. http://institute.nps.or.kr/jsppage/research/re-sources/resources_01.jsp?fid=32.
5. Bae KH. A study on preparation for old age of adulthood [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Dongguk University;1988. p. 1–60.
6. In EY, Kim CW. The effects of perceived successful aging of the lower-income middle-aged on preparation for later time of their lives. Korean Journal of Social Welfare Research. 2015; 44:25–52. https://doi.org/10.17997/SWRY.44.1.2.
crossref
7. Jeong KH, Park SY. The effect of family care giving-burden on middle-aged people’s preparation for old age: The mediating effect of self-efficacy. Journal of Welfare for the Aged. 2014; 63:115–147.
8. Son JY, Han GH. The effects of life events on marital relationships of Korean baby boomer couples: An application of the actor-partner interdependence model. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society. 2015; 35(2):491–507.
9. Ko MS, Kim SH. Influences of the current health status upon health-related preparation behavior for later life of adult: Focusing on the mediating effect of health expectation in later life. Korean Public health Research. 2013; 39(2):63–75.
10. Lim HJ. The correlation between health condition and preparation for the old-aged in the middle-aged [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2002. p. 1–52.
11. Jung YO, Oh HS. The effects of social support, self-efficacy and perceived health status on aging anxiety of the middle-aged women. Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing. 2016; 30(1):30–41. https://doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2016.30.1.30.
crossref
12. Sherer M. Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-dunn S, Jacobs B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy: Construction and validation. Phychological Reports. 1982; 51(2):663–671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663.
13. Hyun KJ, Kim YS. Content analysis of reasons for marital satisfaction: Comparison of sources of marital satisfaction among men and women. Korean Journal of Social Welfare. 2002; 49(5):225–263.
14. Kim YJ, Choi YH. The effects of marital satisfaction on the later life preparation of the middle aged couples. Journal of Welfare for the Aged. 2004; 24:197–213.
15. Jang MY, Jung EY, Kim EY. Effects of life satisfaction, preparation for old age, aging anxiety on the depression in middle aged men. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2014; 16(1):493–505.
16. Kenny DA. Models of non-independence in dyadic research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1996; 13(2):279–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407596132007.
crossref
17. Hyun KJ. The role of independent and interdependent self-construals in marital satisfaction among men and women. Korean Journal of Social Welfare. 2004; 56(4):239–268.
18. Cho CY, Song MY, Lee KS. The decision factor on thinking against their old age of the middle generation. Journal of Welfare for the Aged. 2009; 43:135–156.
19. Maier CA, Priest JB. Perceived fairness, marital conflict, and depression: A dyadic data analysis. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2016; 44(2):95–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2016.1145083.
crossref
20. Erol RY, Orth U. Actor and partner effects of self-esteem on relationship satisfaction and the mediating role of secure attachment between the partners. Journal of Research in Personality. 2013; 47(1):26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.11.003.
crossref
21. Kang HS, Kim YH. Actor and partner effect of couple’s personality on marital satisfaction. Korean Journal of Counseling. 2012; 13(6):2861–2880. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.13.6.201212.2861.
22. Park WJ, Kim BS. Actor and partner effects of couples’ meta-mood and emotional expressivity on marital satisfaction. Korean Journal of Counseling. 2013; 14(5):2945–2967. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.5.201310.2945.
23. Hwang SS, Kim YH. Actor and partner effects of marital commitment on marital satisfaction. Journal of Korean Family Relations. 2013; 18(3):45–61.
24. Ko SJ, Shin SH. Effects of dementia knowledge, self-efficacy and depression on dementia preventive behavior in elderly couples: Dyadic data analysis. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing. 2013; 43(2):276–286. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.276.
crossref
25. Cook WL, Kenny DA. The actor-partner interdependence model: A model of bidirectional effects in developmental studies. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2005; 29(2):101–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000405.
26. Song TM, Kim GS. Structural equation modeling for health & welfare research. Seoul: Hannarae Publishing Co;2012. p. 33–35.
27. Lim KH. A study on shifting nurses’ health conditions and job satisfaction [master’s thesis]. Seoul: Hanyang University;2007. p. 1–44.
28. Roach AJ, Frazier LP, Bowden SR. The marital satisfaction scale: Development of a measure for intervention research. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1981; 43(3):537–546. https://doi.org/10.2307/351755.
crossref
29. Choi KR. A study on the sex-role attitude and marital satisfaction of husbands and wives. Family and Environment Research. 1984; 22(2):91–102.
30. Oh HS. Health promoting behaviors and quality of life of Korean women with arthritis. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 1993; 23(4):617–630.
crossref
31. Park SJ, Kim HG. A study on the quality of life of elderly people with dementia and the environmental factor of facilities. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society. 2009; 29(4):1361–1381.

Figure 1.
Test for hypothetical model.
jkan-48-154f1.tif
Table 1.
The Level of Health Status, Marital Satisfaction, Self Efficacy and Retirement Preparation in the Middle Aged Couples (N=121 pairs)
Variables Wives (n=121) Husbands (n=121) t p
M±SD Min Max Skewness Kurtosis Mean±SD Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
Health status
   Physical 3.74±0.63 1.56 5.00 −0.32 0.65 3.93±0.56 2.44 5.00 −0.25 −0.29 −3.09 .002
   Psychological 3.52±0.76 1.00 5.00 −0.40 0.65 3.75±0.73 1.67 5.00 −0.20 −0.04 −3.13 .002
Marital satisfaction 3.75±0.78 1.00 4.92 −0.57 0.18 4.04±0.71 2.33 5.00 −0.46 −0.53 −5.09 <.001
   Self efficacy 3.49±0.54 1.53 4.88 −0.26 1.37 3.64±0.55 2.35 5.00 0.36 −0.19 −2.60 .011
Retirement preparation
Financial 3.42±0.63 1.44 4.89 −0.62 0.83 3.44±0.69 1.00 4.89 −0.58 0.91 −0.47 .639
   Physical 3.41±0.53 1.86 5.00 −0.44 0.67 3.26±0.66 1.00 4.86 −0.26 1.01 2.55 .012
   Emotional 3.51±0.51 2.00 5.00 0.30 1.32 3.44±0.61 1.00 4.83 −0.44 1.42 1.20 .231

M±SD=Mean standard deviation; Max=Maximum; Min=Minimum.

Table 2.
Correlation among Health Status, Marital Satisfaction, Self Efficacy and Retirement Preparation in the Middle Aged Couples (N=121 pairs)
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ｒ (p)
1. Wife’s health status 1
2. Wife’s marital satisfaction .42 (<.001) 1
3. Wife’s self efficacy .40 (<.001) .47 (<.001) 1
4. Wife’s retirement preparation .43 (<.001) .56 (<.001) .61 (<.001) 1
5. Husband’s health status .43 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .29 (.001) .34 (<.001) 1
6. Husband’s marital satisfaction .31 (.001) .64 (<.001) .32 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .49 (<.001) 1
7. Husband’s self efficacy .08 (.367) .40 (<.001) .30 (.001) .22 (.015) .51 (<.001) .52 (<.001) 1
8. Husband’s retirement preparation .25 (.005) .58 (<.001) .43 (<.001) .62 (<.001) .37 (<.001) .58 (<.001) .47 (<.001) 1
Table 3.
Effect Coefficients for Hypothetical Model (N=121 pair
Endogenous variables Exogenous variables Standardize estimates (β) S.E C.R. (p) Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect SMC
β (p) β (p) β (p)
Wife’s retirement Wife’s self efficacy .49 0.67 4.57 (<.001) .49 (.004) .49 (.004) .67
   preparation Wife’s marital satisfaction .35 0.07 3.04 (.002) .35 (.004) .35 (.004)
Wife’s health status .21 0.07 1.93 (.053) .21 (.034) .30 (.020) .51 (.008)
Husband’s self efficacy −.02 0.06 −0.16 (.871) −.02 (.805) −.02 (.805)
Husband’s marital satisfaction .01 0.07 0.05 (.960) .01 (.978) .01 (.978)
Husband’s health status − − − − .22(.142) .22 (.142)
Wife’s self efficacy Wife’s health status .42 0.12 3.77 (<.001) .42 (.013) .42 (.013) .29
Husband’s health status .19 0.14 1.63 (.103) .19 (.153) .19 (.153)
Wife’s marital Wife’s health status .27 0.10 2.67 (.008) .27 (.043) .27 (.043) .36
   satisfaction Husband’s health status .42 0.13 4.04 (<.001) .42 (.015) .42 (.015)
Husband’s retirement Husband’s self efficacy .34 0.09 2.54 (.011) .34 (.064) .34 (.064) .64
   preparation Husband’s marital satisfaction .36 0.08 3.25 (.001) .36 (.004) .36 (.004)
Husband’s health status −.07 0.16 −0.39 (.700) −.07 (.661) .69 (.004) .62 (.004)
Wife’s self efficacy .18 0.05 2.39 (.017) .18 (.005) .18 (.005)
Wife’s marital satisfaction .24 0.07 2.51 (.012) .24 (.007) .24 (.007)
Wife’s health status − − − − .03 (.901) .03 (.901)
Husband’s self efficacy Husband’s health status .95 0.18 6.48 (<.001) .95 (.004) .95 (.004) .70
Wife’s health status −.34 0.12 −2.93 (.003) −.34 (.008) −.34 (.008)
Husband’s marital Husband’s health status .66 0.13 6.09 (<.001) .66 (.004) .66 (.004) .46
   satisfaction Wife’s health status −.03 0.10 0.26 (.792) .03 (.718) .03 (.718)

C.R.=Critical Ratio; S.E=Standard Error; SMC=Squared Multiple Correlation.

Table 4.
χ 2 Differences Test between the Basic Model and Equivalent Constraint Model (N=121 pairs)
Variables Model χ2 df TLI CFI RMSEA χ2 differences χ2 (p)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   health status Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 91.66 58 .94 .96 .07 11.35 (.001)
   and self efficacy Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 90.40 58 .94 .96 .07 10.08 (.001)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   health status and Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 87.75 58 .94 .96 .07 7.43 (.006)
   marital satisfaction Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 86.85 58 .94 .96 .06 6.53 (.011)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
Wife and husband’s self efficacy and Basic model Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 80.32 80.85 57 58 .95 .96 .97 .97 .06 .06 0.34 (.562)
   retirement preparation Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 83.05 58 .95 .97 .06 2.74 (.098)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   marital satisfaction and Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 80.42 58 .96 .97 .06 0.11 (.745)
   retirement preparation Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 82.72 58 .95 .97 .06 2.41 (.121)

CFI=Comparative Fit Index; df=Degree of freedom; RMSEA=Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation; TLI=Turker Lewis Index.

TOOLS
Similar articles