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Lee, Eo, and Lee: Development of Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses
Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):12-25.

Published online: 15 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.12

Development of Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses

Byoung-Sook Lee1, Yong-Sook Eo2, , Mi-Aie Lee2

1College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu

2Department of Nursing, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea

Address reprint requests to : Eo, Yong-Sook Department of Nursing, Dongguk University Gyeongju Campus, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea Tel: +82-54-770-2621 Fax: +82-54-770-2616 E-mail: nursingeo@dongguk.ac.kr

Received 20 September 2017       Revised 29 December 2017       Accepted 7 January 2018

Copyright © 2018 Korean Society of Nursing Science

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was performed to develop the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses (JSS-CN) and verify its validity and reliability.

Methods

A preliminary 42-item version of the JSS-CN was developed through literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The draft scale was developed using thirty-seven items selected following content validity evaluation. Finally, thirty-three items with response options on a 5-point Likert scale were selected based on internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Subsequently, the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the JSS-CN were verified.

Results

Six factors, namely, recognition from the organization and professional achievement, personal maturation through the nursing profession, interpersonal interaction with respect and recognition, accomplishment of accountability as a nurse, display of professional competency, and stability and job worth, were identified, which explained 59.7% of the total variance. The JSS-CN's Cronbach's a for the total scale was .95, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .90. The correlation coefficient between the scores of the JSS-CN and Slavitt's scale was .75, and that between the JSS-CN and job performance was .53.

Conclusion

Results showed that the JSS-CN has good reliability and validity. Therefore, it is concluded that the JSS-CN could be a useful tool for the measurement of the job satisfaction of clinical nurses in Korea.

Keywords: Nurses, Job satisfaction, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of results

References

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Figure 1.
Process of the development of the JSS-CN.
jkan-48-12f1.tif
Table 1.
Item-CVI, Means, Internal Consistency and Test-retest Reliability of the JSS-CN (N=360)
Items Item CVI M±SD Corrected item to total correlation Cronbach’s alpha if the item was deleted
1. Patients trust me and depend on me. .93 3.46±0.60 .53 .95
2. I am recognized by the organization for my abilities. .98 3.27±0.59 .48 .95
3. I am able to demonstrate my excellence in professional abilities. .93 3.14±0.58 .50 .95
4. Superiors and colleagues understand me and encourage me. .98 3.63±0.59 .50 .95
5. I maintain close relations with my colleagues. .93 3.75±0.62 .48 .95
6. Nursing is a socially recognized profession. .84 3.34±0.78 .56 .95
7. The arrangement of time in service is reasonable. .78 2.86±0.78 .50 .95
8. The organization guarantees autonomy in performing the nursing job. .84 3.03±0.78 .54 .95
9. Patients appreciate my nursing care. .82 3.38±0.72 .57 .95
10. Superiors praise and acknowledge my job performance. 1.00 3.34±0.64 .52 .95
11. Colleagues or doctors who work together recognize my job performance. .91 3.25±0.73 .62 .94
12. My personality as a nursing professional has matured. .78 3.09±0.87 .65 .94
13. Tending to patients is difficult work but it helps build virtue. .91 3.46±0.85 .62 .94
14. I appreciate my occupation. .91 3.21±0.89 .69 .94
15. I am able to develop my confidence and courage through the nursing .89 3.18±0.82 .69 .94
   professional.
16. My competency as a professional nurse is improving. .98 3.32±0.73 .68 .94
17. I am playing an important role in recovering patients' health. .96 3.54±0.68 .52 .95
18. I am helping foster the development of nurses junior to me. .89 3.33±0.72 .56 .95
19. Working as a professional nurse is vitalizing. .89 2.88±0.91 .66 .94
20. I am doing my best as a professional nurse. 1.00 3.69±0.63 .58 .95
21. I am working with a sense of responsibility as a professional nurse. 1.00 3.83±0.63 .53 .95
22. I am aware of the values I pursue through the nursing profession. .91 3.19±0.76 .69 .94
23. It is good to have a certain income source. .80 3.60±0.68 .49 .95
24. It is good to have a stable job. .84 3.68±0.64 .55 .95
25. I am proud that my job is able to help others. 1.00 3.55±0.71 .67 .94
26. I am proud that I work in a good hospital. .82 2.96±0.80 .54 .95
27. I feel proud of myself when I observe successful seniors. .80 3.16±0.75 .56 .95
28. I play an important role in the organization. .82 3.07±0.66 .57 .95
29. I am respected by nurses who are junior to me. .84 3.07±0.60 .54 .95
30. The progressive future of nursing as a profession is guaranteed. .87 3.15±0.71 .57 .95
31. The job of a professional nurse fits my inclination. .87 3.13±0.78 .59 .94
32. My opinion is reflected in making important decisions. .82 3.14±0.63 .61 .94
33. I am able to exhibit my leadership in a nursing unit or organization. .80 3.10±0.69 .61 .94

Cronbach’s Alpha item total=.95; Scale content validity index=.89; M±SD of items=3.30±0.44; Range of skewness of items=-0.52~0.12; Kurtosis of items=-0.40~0.78, Range of ceiling effects of items=0.3~11.4%; Range of floor effects of items=0.3~6.9%. Total test-retest correlation coefficient=.98; Intra-class correlation coefficient=.90.

CVI=Content validity index; M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation; JSS-CN=Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses.

Table 2.
Factor Loadings of Items According to the Factors and Eigen Value (33 items) (N=360)
Factor Item Factor1 Factor2 Factor3 Factor4 Factor5 Factor6 Communality
1. Recognition from the organization Item 33 .71 .18 .17 .18 .25 −.10 .68
and professional achievement (9 Item 28 .65 .10 .13 .01 .35 .18 .60
items) Item 19 .62 .50 .17 .15 .06 −.04 .68
Item 29 .61 .14 .05 .16 .31 .04 .52
Item 32 .58 .13 .29 .15 .20 .14 .52
Item 30 .56 .21 .24 .19 −.10 .27 .53
Item 27 .53 .27 .31 −.03 −.04 .30 .54
Item 26 .52 .25 .23 .04 −.12 .40 .56
Item 22 .52 .45 .08 .12 .22 .29 .63
2. Personal maturation through the Item 14 .26 .78 .18 .16 .06 .12 .76
nursing profession (6 items) Item 13 .08 .73 .21 .14 .09 .27 .69
Item 15 .38 .69 .13 .12 .12 .15 .68
Item 12 .23 .61 .40 .17 .05 .07 .62
Item 16 .33 .52 .25 .36 .13 .03 .59
Item 31 .36 .44 −.01 .12 .32 .31 .53
3. Interpersonal interaction with Item 7 .23 .14 .66 .12 −.04 .13 .54
respect and recognition (8 items) Item 8 .30 .15 .62 .08 .05 .15 .52
Item 10 .14 .12 .58 −.02 .47 .12 .61
Item 5 .06 .10 .54 .44 .26 −.14 .58
Item 4 .08 .12 .50 .44 .30 −.13 .58
Item 9 .06 .29 .50 .07 .31 .35 .55
Item 6 .14 .30 .48 .24 .08 .20 .44
Item 11 .33 .31 .42 .09 .35 .04 .51
4. Accomplishment of accountability Item 21 .11 .12 .17 .72 .12 .29 .67
as a nurse (4 items) Item 20 .27 .14 .11 .72 .10 .21 .67
Item 17 .02 .27 .11 .67 .19 .21 .62
Item 18 .39 .26 .04 .50 .34 −.16 .61
5. Display of professional competency Item 2 .21 .06 .17 .16 .74 .10 .66
(3 items) Item 3 .25 .10 .04 .23 .70 .10 .63
Item 1 .01 .25 .27 .34 .53 .09 .54
6. Stability and job worth (3 items) Item 24 .10 .35 .11 .19 .15 .67 .65
Item 23 .22 .01 .13 .41 .11 .58 .59
Item 25 .22 .43 .22 .21 .18 .52 .62
Eigen value 4.41 4.05 3.23 3.01 2.72 2.20
% of Variance 13.3 12.3 9.9 9.3 8.2 6.7
Cumulative % 13.3 25.6 35.5 44.8 53.0 59.7
Table 3.
Final Descriptive Statistics and Reliability Estimates of the JSS-CN’s Factors (N=360)
Factors of the JSS-CN (Number of items) M±SD Skewness Kurtosis Cronbach’s α Intra-class correlation coefficient†
Factor1 (9) 3.08±0.52 0.18 0.53 .88 .52
Factor2 (6) 3.23±0.64 −0.15 0.07 .87 .64
Factor3 (8) 3.33±0.48 −0.05 −0.04 .83 .78
Factor4 (4) 3.60±0.52 −0.09 0.01 .78 .81
Factor5 (3) 3.29±0.49 0.25 0.16 .76 .57
Factor6 (3) 3.61±0.55 −0.28 0.62 .74 .55
Total 3.30±0.44 0.13 0.42 .95 .90

JSS-CN=Job satisfaction scale for clinical nurses; M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation.

†Number of participants=28; Factor1=Recognition from the organization and professional achievement; Factor2=Personal maturation through the nursing profession; Factor3=Interpersonal interaction with respect and recognition; Factor4=Accomplishment of accountability as a nurse;

Factor5=Display of professional competency; Factor6=Stability and job worth.

Table 4.
Correlations between the scores of the JSS-CN, Slavitt's Job Satisfaction Scale and Work Performance (N=360)
Variables JSS-CN†
Total r (p) Factor1 r (p) Factor2 r (p) Factor3 r (p) Factor4 r (p) Factor5 r (p) Factor6 r (p)
Slavitt’s job satisfaction††
   Total .75 (<.001) .74 (<.001) .65 (<.001) .61 (<.001) .47 (<.001) .41 (<.001) .53 (<.001)
   Relationship .64 (<.001) .55 (<.001) .49 (<.001) .64 (<.001) .50 (<.001) .41 (<.001) .44 (<.001)
   Work requirement .22 (<.001) .18 (.001) .16 (.002) .18 (.001) .25 (<.001) .12 (.020) .20 (<.001)
   Pay .35 (<.001) .46 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .24 (<.001) .12 (.022) .15 (.004) .06 (.261)
   Professional position .74 (<.001) .71 (<.001) .66 (<.001) .56 (<.001) .50 (<.001) .38 (<.001) .62 (<.001)
   Autonomy .36 (<.001) .40 (<.001) .30 (<.001) .27 (<.001) .16 (.003) .19 (<.001) .33 (<.001)
   Administration .46 (<.001) .48 (<.001) .41 (<.001) .37 (<.001) .19 (<.001) .25 (<.001) .34 (<.001)
Work performance
   Total .53 (<.001) .43 (<.001) .45 (<.001) .42 (<.001) .50 (<.001) .45 (<.001) .36 (<.001)
   Patients care .51 (<.001) .39 (<.001) .41 (<.001) .41 (<.001) .52 (<.001) .48 (<.001) .37 (<.001)
   Relationship .43 (<.001) .34 (<.001) .38 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .38 (<.001) .33 (<.001) .30 (<.001)
   Occupational ethics .27 (<.001) .18 (.001) .25 (<.001) .24 (<.001) .27 (<.001) .21 (<.001) .19 (<.001)
   Quality improvement .33 (<.001) .30 (<.001) .34 (<.001) .23 (<.001) .25 (<.001) .25 (<.001) .18 (<.001)
   Infection control .29 (<.001) .30 (<.001) .23 (<.001) .23 (<.001) .24 (<.001) .22 (<.001) .07 (.170)
   Work arrangement .42 (<.001) .35 (<.001) .37 (<.001) .38 (<.001) .38 (<.001) .32 (<.001) .21 (<.001)

JSS-CN=Job satisfaction scale for clinical nurses.

†Factor1=Recognition from the organization and professional achievement; Factor2=Personal maturation through the nursing profession;

Factor3=Interpersonal interaction with respe professional competency; Factor6=Stability and job worth.

††Correlation between the total scores Slavitt’s job satisfaction and work performance=.41 (p<.001

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