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Lee and Kim: Development and Effects of a Children's Sex Education Program for the Parents of Lower Elementary Grade Students
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2017; 47(2): 222-232.

Published online: 28 April 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.222

Development and Effects of a Children's Sex Education Program for the Parents of Lower Elementary Grade Students

Eun Mi Lee1, Hyunlye Kim2

1Department of Nursing, Songwon University, Gwangju, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Hyunlye. Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea. Tel: +82-62-230-6324, Fax: +82-62-230-6329, hlkim5207@chosun.ac.kr

Received 18 September 2016       Revised 26 January 2017       Accepted 31 January 2017

© 2017 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was done to develop a children's sex education program for the parents of lower elementary grade students and to evaluate its effects on sexual knowledge, gender role attitude, parent efficacy for child's sex education, and marital consistency.

Methods

A quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 29 couples (58 parents, experimental group=28, control group=30) from G city. The 5-week (5-session) program was developed based on ‘A theory of protection: parents as sex educators’ and used the case-based small group learning method. Data were collected during July and August 2015. The characteristics of the program developed in the present study were a theoretical-based, client-centered, multi-method.

Results

After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in sexual knowledge, gender role attitudes, parent efficacy for child's sex education, and marital consistency, compared to the control group. The effect sizes of the program were .64 (knowledge), .65 (gender role attitudes), and .68 (parent efficacy).

Conclusion

The results of this study provided implications for the parents as effective sex educator and the role expansion of school health nurses.

Keywords: Sex education, Knowledge, Attitude, Self efficacy

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Conceptual framework for the study.

jkan-47-222-g001
Table 1

Sex Education Program

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Session Topic Objectives Contents Learning Methods
1 Beautiful sexuality To have the correct perception of sexuality
To explains the need for child sex education		 Introducing sex education programs with small group learning organization (Protection, ①)
Understanding the beautiful sexuality (④)
Need for sex education for children (Protection)		 Lecture
Group activity
2 Biological sex To understand the child's sexual development stage
To explain pregnancy and childbirth to children		 <Case 1> Children with a curiosity about the body of men & women
<Case 2> Children with curiosity to pregnancy and childbirth Knowledge about structures, functions, differences between man and woman of human body (③)
Teaching methods for pregnancy and childbirth to children (①)
Facing with children who are interested in or have preferred attitude toward the opposite sex friend (②,⑤)		 Lecture
Group activity
Role play
Quiz
3 Sexuality culture To determine incorrect sexual information in the media.
To recognize that parents can be good map if the child is exposed to a distorted sexual culture.		 <Case 3> Child questions about the kiss scene from the television
<Case 4> Pornography advertising window will appear when looking at a smartphone with children.
Concept & types of distorted sex culture (⑤)
How to prevent children from being exposed to obscene materials (①,③)
How to handle the situation when a child is exposed to obscene materials (②,⑤)
How to teach children about being exposed to obscene materials (②,⑤)		 Lecture
Group activity
Role play
Quiz
4 Society free from sexual violence To Describe how your child map for the prevention of sexual violence.
To explain how to deal with cases of child sexual abuse and the harm imposed.		 <Case 5> Ask your child about sexual abuse.
<Case 6> Children have been exposed to sexual violence damage and offender situation
The concept of sexual violence and the characteristics of sexual offenders (③)
How to prevent sexual violence (①,③)
How to handle the situation when a sexual offense occurs (②,⑤)
How to teach children about the prevention of being aggressors or victims of sexual violence (②,⑤)		 Lecture
Group activity
Role play
Quiz
5 Society with gender equality To explain the necessity of gender equality & practical methods
To help for parents to form the preferred gender role attitudes		 <Case 7> Sons & daughters who are trying to help with the dishes
<Case 8> Son who wants a doll as a gift & Daughter who wants a toy car as a gift
Gender role development in preschoolers, Gender role stereotypes, Concept of consciousness of gender equality (③,④)
How to practice gender equality at home (①,②,⑤)
How to teach children about gender equality (①,②,⑤)		 Lecture
Group activity
Role play
Quiz

Concepts in Theory of Protection: ① Boundary ② Boundary control ③ Knowledge ④ Values ⑤ Mutuality.

Table 2

Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Main Variables

jkan-47-222-i002
Variables Categories Exp. (n=28) Cont. (n=30) χ2/t p
n (%) or M±SD
Age (yr) 34.01±3.74 35.04±2.54 14.60 .333
Education level ≤College 22 (78.6) 26 (86.7) 0.67* .499
≥Graduate school 6 (21.4) 4 (13.3)
Religion Have 17 (60.7) 18 (60.0) 0.01 .956
Have not 11 (39.3) 12 (40.0)
Monthly income (10.000won) ≤500 14 (50.0) 11 (36.7) 3.78 .151
>500 14 (50.0) 19 (63.3)
Working couple Yes 26 (92.9) 30 (100.0) 2.22* .229
No 2 (7.1) 0 (0.0)
Source of sexual information Person 9 (32.1) 10 (33.3) 0.23 .894
Paper 9 (32.1) 8 (26.7)
Media 10 (35.8) 12 (40.0)
Sexual knowledge 21.75±2.76 21.90±3.18 −0.19 .848
Gender role attitudes 54.07±11.31 54.33±8.45 −0.09 .921
Parent efficacy on child sex education 46.21±9.02 45.00±8.81 0.52 .606

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

*Fisher's exact test.

Table 3

Comparison of Dependent Variables between Two Groups after Treatment

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Variables Group Pretest Posttest Difference (Post-Pre test) t/z p
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Sexual knowledge Exp. (n=28) 21.75±2.76 28.43±1.45 6.68±2.72 13.56 <.001
Cont. (n=30) 21.90±3.18 21.80±3.28 −0.10±0.30
Gender role attitudes Exp. (n=28) 54.07±11.31 62.21±6.37 8.14±5.69 7.86 <.001
Cont. (n=30) 54.33±8.45 54.30±8.55 −0.03±0.32
Parent efficacy on child sexuality education Exp. (n=28) 46.21±9.02 54.96±4.52 8.75±4.94 9.80 <.001
Cont. (n=30) 45.00±8.81 44.90±8.74 −0.10±0.31
Changes in marital consistency
 Sexual knowledge Exp. (n=14) 1.43±0.81 0.71±0.20 −0.72±0.60 −1.91 .048
Cont. (n=15) 1.40±0.71 1.48±0.22 0.08±0.48
 Gender role attitude Exp. (n=14) 6.59±4.32 2.00±1.31 −4.59±3.01 −2.34 .023
Cont. (n=15) 4.30±4.49 4.11±3.98 −0.19±0.52
 Parent efficacy on child sexuality education Exp. (n=14) 3.23±2.24 1.79±1.59 −1.52±1.78 −2.01 .039
Cont. (n=15) 4.98±3.32 5.11±3.12 0.21±0.20

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Notes

This manuscript is a revision of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Chosun University.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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