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Park, Lee, and Cho: Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016; 46(5): 653-662.

Published online: 31 October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653

Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women

Hae-Jin Park1, Hae Jung Lee2, Soo Hyun Cho3

1Division of Nursing, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan·College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

3Dental Department, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Lee, Hae Jung. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8344, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, haejung@pusan.ac.kr

Received 17 February 2016       Revised 5 June 2016       Accepted 5 June 2016

© 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Methods

The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.

Results

Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (β=.27, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (β=.45, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (β=.20, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (β=-.30, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (β=.17, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Keywords: Pregnant Women, Periodontal Diseases, Depression, Psychological Stress, Oral Health

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Differences in Periodontal Disease according to Individual Characteristics (N=129)

jkan-46-653-i001
Table 2

Levels of Oral Health Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

jkan-46-653-i002

CPI=Community Periodontal Index.

Table 3

Correlations between Oral Health Care Behaviors, Psycho-Social Factors, and Periodontal Disease (N=129)

jkan-46-653-i003

*Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Table 4

Factors Influencing Periodontal Disease† (N=129)

jkan-46-653-i004

*Dummy variables; †Periodontal probing depth (mm).

Notes

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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