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Kim and Jun: Development and Effects of a Cognitive-behavioral Therapy Based Program in Reducing Internalized Stigma in Patients with Schizophrenia
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016; 46(3): 349-363.

Published online: 30 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.349

Development and Effects of a Cognitive-behavioral Therapy Based Program in Reducing Internalized Stigma in Patients with Schizophrenia

Mi Young Kim1, Seong Sook Jun2

1Department of Nursing, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Jun, Seong Sook. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8359, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, jss@pusan.ac.kr

Received 19 June 2015       Revised 8 October 2015       Accepted 25 January 2016

© 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was done to develop a internalized stigma reducing program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and appropriate for patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

The study design was a mixed method research. Qualitative study, 13 patients with schizophrenia who had experience in overcoming stigma were purposively chosen for interviews and data were analyzed using Giorgi method. Quantitative study, 64 patients with schizophrenia (experimental group=32, control group=32) were recruited. The cognitive-behavioral therapy-based program for reducing internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia was provided for 8 weeks (12 sessions). Data were collected from June. 20, 2013 to Feb. 14, 2014. Quantitative data were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS program.

Results

Qualitative results, from the experience of coping with stigma in patients with schizophrenia seventeen themes and five themes-clusters were drawn up. Quantitative results showed that internalized stigma, self-esteem, mental health recovery and quality of life were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that this program for reducing internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia is effective and can be recommended as a rehabilitation program intervention to help patients with schizophrenia to cope with internalized stigma.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Cognitive therapy, Behavioral therapy, Social stigma, Stereotyping

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Description of Mixed Method Study

jkan-46-349-i001
Table 2

Description of Intervention

jkan-46-349-i002
Table 3

Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Function (N=64)

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Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GAF=Global Assessment of Function; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

Table 4

Changes in Outcome Variables from Baseline to 16-week Follow-up (N=64)

jkan-46-349-i004

*by one-way repeated measured ANOVA; †by mixed ANOVA; Exp.=Experimental group (n=32); Cont.=Control group (n=32).

Notes

This manuscript is based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Pusan National University.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest

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