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Oh, Park, Suk, and Im: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale for Nurses
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016; 46(2): 293-304.

Published online: 29 April 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.293

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale for Nurses

Won-Oak Oh1, Eun Sook Park1, Min Hyun Suk2, Yeo Jin Im3

1College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Cha University, Pochon, Korea.

3College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Suk, Min Hyun. College of Nursing, Cha University, 120 Hearyong-ro, Pocheon 11160, Korea. Tel: +82-31-8017-5851, Fax: +82-31-725-8329, chnursing@cha.ac.kr

Received 2 October 2015       Revised 16 October 2015       Accepted 24 December 2015

© 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSEscale) for nurses.

Methods

Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity.

Results

The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability.

Conclusion

This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.

Keywords: Cultural diversity, Cultural competence, Self efficacy, Reliability and validity, Nurses

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Conceptual framework for the study.

jkan-46-293-g001
Table 1

Factor Loading of Questionnaire

jkan-46-293-i001

KMO=.81; Bartlett test of sphericity=3536.55 (p<.001)

Table 2

Correlation between TCSE-scale and CC-scale

jkan-46-293-i002

TCSE=Transcultural self-efficacy; CC=Cultural competence.

Table 3

Criterion Validity Test

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Table 4

Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of TCSE-scale (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)

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Table 5

Reliability for Final TCSE-scale

jkan-46-293-i005

TCSE=Transcultural self-efficacy; PCC=Pearson correlation coefficient; ICC=Intraclass correlation coefficient; SEM=Standard error of measurement.

Notes

This work was supported by the 2014 Korea University special research grant.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix 1

Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale

jkan-46-293-a001

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