Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.46(1) > 1003157

Park, Ju, and Na: Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire

Abstract

Purpose

The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ.

Methods

Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ.

Results

Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level.

Conclusion

The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.

Figures and Tables

Figure. 1
Three-factor model of Korean mothers' perinatal PTSD with standardised parameter estimates and factor intercorrelations.
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Table 1

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Korean PPQ

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NFI=Normed Fit Index; NNFI=Nonnormed Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI=Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; RMSEA=Root Mean-Squared Error of Approximation.

Table 2

Convergent Validity and Discriminant Validity

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AVE=Average variance extracted; CR=Construct reliability.

Table 3

Comparison of Korean PPQ Scores between Fullterm and Preterm Group (N =196)

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PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire.

Table 4

Correlations of Korean PPQ, IES-K-R, BDI-II and BAI (N =196)

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PPQ=Perinatal PTSD questionnaire; IES-K-R=Korean version of impact of event scale-revised; BDI=Beck depression inventory; BAI=Beck anxiety inventory.

Notes

This study was supported by research funds from Dong-A University.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix 1

Korean Version of the Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire [Korean PPQ])

jkan-46-29-a001

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