Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.45(5) > 1003109

TOOLS
Han and Cho Chung: Development of a Cultural Competence Scale for Nursing Students
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015; 45(5): 684-693.

Published online: 30 October 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.684

Development of a Cultural Competence Scale for Nursing Students

Seok-Young Han1, Hyang-In Cho Chung2

1Chosun Nursing College, Gwangju, Korea.

2College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Cho Chung, Hyang-In. College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61468, Korea. Tel: +82-62-530-4956, Fax: +82-62-220-4544, hchoch@hanmail.net

Received 8 April 2015       Revised 22 April 2015       Accepted 18 June 2015

© 2015 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This methodological study was conducted to develop and test a cultural competence scale for nursing students.

Methods

Based on the five constructs of cultural competency identified in the conceptual analysis of Suh, 76 items for the tool were derived initially. These items were reduced to 58 items after content validity tests (two times) by 6 multicultural experts. Data collected from 526 nursing students were utilized to test the validity and reliability of the preliminary tool. Item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha were used for the analysis.

Results

Twenty-seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 5 factors explaining 62.1% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was .91 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .76 to .91. Criterion validity between the developed tool and empathy (r=.26, p <.001) was significant.

Conclusion

The results show that this scale can provide scientific and empirical data when evaluating the effectiveness of school curriculums or multicultural empowerment programs regarding cultural competence of nursing students.

Keywords: Cultural competence, Nursing students, Scale development

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=526)

jkan-45-684-i001
Table 2

Factor Analysis of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nursing Students (N=526)

jkan-45-684-i002
Table 3

Finding of Multi-trait/Multi-item Matrix Analysis (N=526)

jkan-45-684-i003
Table 4

Correlation Coefficients between Empathy and Cultural Competency (N=526)

jkan-45-684-i004

Notes

This manuscript is based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Chonnam National University.

References

1. Kang HY, Han SY. A study on social distance of nursing students toward minority groups in a metropolitan city. J Korean Public Health Nurs. 2013; 27(1):166–178. DOI: 10.5932/JKPHN.2013.27.1.166.
2. Korea Immigration Service. Korea immigration service statistics 2014 [Internet]. Gwacheon: Ministry of Justice;2014. cited 2014 August 20. Available from: http://www.immigration.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_003/ListShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0096&strWrtNo=128&strAnsNo=A&strOrgGbnCd=104000&strRtnURL=IMM_6050&strAllOrgYn=N&strThisPage=1&strFilePath=imm/.
3. Ministry of Public Administration and Security. Statistics on foreign residents by local governments in 2012 [Internet]. Seoul: Author;2012. cited 2012 February 8. Available from: http://www.mospa.go.kr/frt/bbs/type001/commonSelectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000014&nttId=35593.
4. Oh WO. Factors influencing cultural sensitivity among nursing students. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2011; 17(4):222–229. DOI: 10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.4.222.
5. Cross TL, Bazron BJ, Dennis KW, Isaacs MR. Towards a culturally competent system of care: A monograph on effective services for minority children who are severely emotionally disturbed. Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Assistance Center, Georgetown University Child Development Center;1989.
6. Kim NK. Deliberative multiculturalism: A path to cultural rights and cultural survival. Korean Polit Sci Rev. 2005; 39(1):87–107.
7. International Council of Nurses. Cultural and linguistic competence [Internet]. Geneva, CH: Author;2007. cited 2007 August 20. Available from: http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/position_statements/B03_Cultural_Linguistic_Competence.pdf.
8. Campinha-Bacote J. The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: A model of care. J Transcult Nurs. 2002; 13(3):181–184. DOI: 10.1177/10459602013003003.
9. Campinha-Bacote J. Becoming culturally competent in ethnic psychopharmacology. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2007; 45(9):27–33.
10. Campinha-Bacote J. The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: A model of care. J Transcult Nurs. 1999; 13(3):181–184.
11. Suh EE. The model of cultural competence through an evolutionary concept analysis. J Transcult Nurs. 2004; 15(2):93–102. DOI: 10.1177/1043659603262488.
12. Leininger M. Culture care theory: A major contribution to advance transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. J Transcult Nurs. 2002; 13(3):189–192. DOI: 10.1177/10459602013003005.
13. Lum D, editor. Culturally competent practice: A framework for understanding diverse groups and justice issues. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole;2007.
14. Song KB, Jang ED. Cultural competence and measurements in social work practice. J Hum Soc Sci Stud. 2010; 29:40–69.
15. Choi SH, Kim SH, Lim MH. Developing cultural sensitivity scale. Pyeongtaek: Multicultural Family Center of Pyeongtaek University;2008.
16. Yang SY, Lim HN, Lee JH. The study on relationship between cultural competency and empathy of nursing students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2013; 19(2):183–193. DOI: 10.5977/jkasne.2013.19.2.183.
17. Peek EH, Park CS. Effects of a multicultural education program on the cultural competence, empathy and self-efficacy of nursing students. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013; 43(5):690–696. DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.690.
18. Chae DH. Development of a cultural competence scale for Korean nurses [dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2013.
19. Munro BH. Statistical methods for health care research. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2001.
20. Seo YS, Kwon YC. Factors influencing to the cultural competence in nursing students. J Digit Converg. 2014; 12(6):415–423. DOI: 10.14400/JDC.2014.12.6.415.
21. Jeon BS. The relationship between empathy and altruistic behavior [master's thesis]. Daejeon: Chungnam National University;2003.
22. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007; 30(4):459–467. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20199.
23. Kim HC. Statistical package for the social sciences 21.0 version. Seoul: Hakjisa Corp.;2014.
24. Nho CR, Kim JH. Development of Korean cultural competency scale for human service workers. Korean J Soc Welf. 2011; 63(2):207–231.
25. Suarez-Balcazar Y, Balcazar F, Taylor-Ritzler T, Portillo N, Rodakowski J, Garcí a-Ramí rez M, et al. Development and validation of cultural competence assessment instrument: A factorial analysis. J Rehabil Adm. 2011; 77(1):4–13.
26. Caffrey RA, Neander W, Markle D, Stewart B. Improving the cultural competence of nursing students: Results of integrating cultural content in the curriculum and an international immersion experience. J Nurs Educ. 2005; 44(5):234–240.
27. Lum D, editor. Culturally competent practice: A framework for understanding diverse groups and justice issues. 2nd ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole;2003.
28. Schim SM, Doorenbos AZ, Miller J, Benkert R. Development of a cultural competence assessment instrument. J Nurs Meas. 2003; 11(1):29–40.
29. Cuevas MC. Cultural competence, cultural awareness and attitudes of social work students [master's thesis]. Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin;2002.
30. D'Andrea M, Daniels J, Heck R. Evaluating the impact of multicultural counseling training. J Couns Dev. 1991; 70(1):143–150. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01576.x.
TOOLS
Similar articles