Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.45(4) > 1003101

Shin and Park: Development and Validation of the Empowerment Scale for Woman with Breast Cancer

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate empowerment in woman with breast cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.

Methods

The development process for the initial items included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The identified items were evaluated for content validity by experts, resulting in 3 factors and 48 preliminary items. Participants were 319 women with breast cancer recruited to test reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Results

The final scale consisted of 30 items and 3 factors. Factors, including 'intrapersonal factor' (14 items), 'interactional factor' (8 items), and 'behavioral factor' (8 items), were drawn up after confirmatory factor analysis. Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate as shown by χ2/df=1.86, TLI=.90, CFI=.92, SRMR=.06, and RMSEA=.05. Criterion validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire .78. Cronbach's alpha for total items was .93 and test-retest reliability was .69.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that the scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to promote the empowerment of women having breast cancer.

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Research model and alternative models.

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Figure 2

Confirmatory factor analysis of the research model.

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Table 1

Goodness of Fit on Research Model and Alternative Models

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TLI=Turker-Lewis index; CFI=Comparative fit index; SRMR=Standardized root-mean-square residual; RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation; CI=Confidence interval; AIC=Akaike information criteria.

Table 2

Measured Variable Estimates of the Confirmatory Factor Model (N =319)

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Table 3

Correlation between Empowerment Scale for Woman with Breast Cancer and Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire (N =319)

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ESWBC=Empowerment scale for woman with breast cancer; CEQ =Cancer empowerment questionnaire.

Notes

This manuscript is a condensed from of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Ewha Womans University.

This work was partially funded by the Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing Lambda Alpha Chapter-at-Large in 2014.

Appendix

Appendix 1

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