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Kim and Park: A Validation Study of the Modified Korean Version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (K-ELW)
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015; 45(2): 240-250.

Published online: 30 April 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.240

A Validation Study of the Modified Korean Version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (K-ELW)

Jeong-Eon Kim1, Eun-Jun Park2

1Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Eun-Jun. Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju 380-701, Korea. Tel: +82-43-840-3953, Fax: +82-43-840-3958, eunjunp@kku.ac.kr

Received 10 July 2014       Revised 28 July 2014       Accepted 19 January 2015

© 2015 Korean Society of Nursing Science

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Ethical Leadership at Work questionnaire (K-ELW) that measures RNs' perceived ethical leadership of their nurse managers.

Methods

The strong validation process suggested by Benson (1998), including translation and cultural adaptation stage, structural stage, and external stage, was used. Participants were 241 RNs who reported their perceived ethical leadership using both the pre-version of K-ELW and a previously known Ethical Leadership Scale, and interactional justice of their managers, as well as their own demographics, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, reliability coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS 19.0 and Amos 18.0 versions were used.

Results

A modified K-ELW was developed from construct validity evidence and included 31 items in 7 domains: People orientation, task responsibility fairness, relationship fairness, power sharing, concern for sustainability, ethical guidance, and integrity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 7 domains with other measures.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that the modified K-ELW can be adopted in Korean nursing organizations, and reliable and valid ethical leadership scores can be expected.

Keywords: Leadership, Organizational ethic, Nurse managers, Questionnaires, Validation studies as topic

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Validation Process of the Korean version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (K-ELW)

jkan-45-240-i001
Table 2

Measures and Variables Used to Validate the K-ELW

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Table 3

K-ELW's Original Questionnaire Items and Modified K-ELW's Factor Analysis Findings

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K-ELW=Korean version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire; EFA=Exploratory Factor Analysis; CFA=Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Table 4

Model Fit Indices of K-ELW

jkan-45-240-i004

K-ELW=Korean version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire; RMSEA=Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR=Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; GFI=Goodness of Fit Index; AGFI=Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index; NFI=Normal Fit Index; CFI=Comparative Fit Index; TLI=Turkey-Lewis Index.

Table 5

Modified K-ELW's Internal Consistency and Pearson Correlation Coefficients with External Variables (N=241)

jkan-45-240-i005

*p<.05; †p<.01; ‡p<.001; K-ELW=Korean version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire; K-ELS=Korean version of Ethical Leadership Scale.

Notes

*This manuscript is a revision of the first author's master's thesis from Konkuk University.

Appendix

Appendix 1

jkan-45-240-a001

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