Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing

Young-Ran Yeun; Min Kwon; Kyoung-Soon Lee

doi:10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.139

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Yeun, Kwon, and Lee: Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing

Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):139-146.

Published online: 15 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.139

Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing

Young-Ran Yeun¹, Min Kwon², Kyoung-Soon Lee³

¹Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok

²Division of Nursing, The University of Suwon, Suwon

³Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea

Received 8 July 2014 Revised 29 July 2014 Accepted 25 November 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a “Palliative Care Professional” education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses.

Methods

It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n= 42) or the control group (n= 44).

Results

The recognition of a good death (F= 11.44, p= .001), palliative care (F= 4.15, p= .045), and the meaning of life (F= 5.12, p= .026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.

Keywords: Hospice and palliative care nursing, Education, Nurses

References

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Table 1.

Contents Covered in PCPE Program

S. Objectives	Contents items	Detailed contents	Time (min)	Meth.	Lec.
1 To acquire knowledge on the principles, history, and standards of palliative care	Understanding of life and death	Life toward death Preparation for death	80	L&D	TP
To recognize the importance of palliative care	Understanding of hospice and palliative care	Origin of hospice work Purpose of hospice work	80	L&D	Chap.
	Spiritual care	Principles and professional criteria of spiritual needs	40	L&D	NP
		Spiritual nursing intervention
	Ethics of palliative care	Ethics related to terminal patients Hospital ethic committee	40	L&D	NP
2 To recognize the necessity of holistic care To acquire the skill of communicating with compassion	Nutrition management	Needs of nutrition management Nutrition management guidance	80	L&D	Nut.
	Mental and emotional caring	Psychological needs of hospice patients Good death	80	L&D	NP
		Psychological care for hospice patients
	Therapeutic communication	Communication with hospice patients Communication with hospice patients’ family	80	L&D	NP
3 To recognize the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach To acquire the skills for pain and symptom management	Pain and symptom management	Pain evaluation and management Side effect of narcotic painkiller	80	L&D	PHN
	Social and financial caring	Symptom management National social welfare policies	80	L&D	SWW
	Preparation for good death	Private social welfare resources Dignified death Death preparation education	80	L&D	NP
4 To learn how to manage stress as palliativ care provider To improve one’s qualities as a team member	ve Cancer and nursing	National undertaking cancer management Nursing needs of cancer patients	80	L&D	NP
	Proper attitudes and role as a	Nursing care for canter patient Palliative care overview	40	L&D	NMHC
	palliative care provider	Attitude of palliative nursing professional Roles of palliative nursing professional
	Stress management	Stress risk factor Stress management strategies	40	L&D	NMHC
	Theory and practice about foo massage	Effects & method of foot massage Foot massage practicum	100	L&P	FMT
5 To recognize the effect of palliative care provision in actual practice	Visiting to hospice center Case study	Fieldtrip of a hospital hospice center Case study, presentation & discussion Evaluation of the program	240 120	FT Con.	NMHC NP

S.=Session; Meth.=Methods; Lec.=Lecturer; L & D=Lecture and discussion; L & P=Lecture and practice; Con.=Conference; TP=Theological professor; Chap.=Chaplain; Nut.=Nutritionist; NP=Nursing professor; PHN=Professional hospice nurse; SWW=Nursing manager of a hospice center; FMT=Foot massage therapist.

Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N=86)

Characteristics	Categories	Exp. (n=42)	Cont. (n=44)	Total (N=86)	^χ² or t	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	n (%) or M±SD	^χ² or t	p
Gender	Female	40 (95.2)	41 (93.2)	81 (94.2)	0.16*	.683
	Male	2 (4.8)	3 (6.8)	5 (5.8)
Age (yr)	20~29	18 (42.9)	17 (38.7)	35 (40.7)	1.57	.665
	30~39	8 (19.0)	13 (29.5)	21 (24.4)
	40~49	10 (23.8)	10 (22.7)	20 (23.3)
	≥50	6 (14.3)	4 (9.1)	10 (11.6)
Marriage status	Single	28 (66.8)	23 (52.3)	51 (59.3)	1.84	.174
	Married	14 (33.2)	21 (47.7)	35 (40.7)
Religion	Yes	33 (78.6)	33 (75.0)	66 (76.7)	0.15	.695
	No	9 (21.4)	11 (25.0)	20 (23.3)
Education level	College	15 (35.7)	17 (38.6)	32 (37.2)	0.16	.923
	Bachelor	17 (40.5)	18 (40.9)	35 (40.7)
	Above master	10 (23.8)	9 (20.5)	19 (22.1)
Economy level	High	8 (19.0)	6 (13.6)	14 (16.3)	0.49	.780
	Middle	29 (69.1)	33 (75.0)	62 (72.1)
	Low	5 (11.9)	5 (11.4)	10 (11.6)
Health status	High	10 (23.8)	10 (22.7)	20 (23.3)	0.01*	.992
	Middle	31 (73.8)	33 (75.0)	64 (74.4)
	Low	1 (2.4)	1 (2.3)	2 (2.3)
Living with parents	Yes	20 (47.6)	21 (47.7)	41 (47.7)	0.01	.992
	No	22 (52.4)	23 (52.3)	45 (52.3)
Experience of bereavement	Yes	19 (45.2)	8 (18.2)	27 (31.4)	7.30	.007
	No	23 (54.8)	36 (81.8)	59 (68.6)
Good death		80.14±8.98	76.70±8.67	78.38±8.94	1.80	.074
Palliative care		68.98±8.66	69.45±7.16	69.22±7.89	−0.28	.781
Meaning of life		31.00±4.42	29.66±3.64	30.31±4.07	1.53	.128

*Fisher’s exact probability test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 3.

Comparison of Good Death, Palliative Care, and Meaning of Life between Groups (N=86)

Variables	Groups	Pretest	Posttest	Adjusted posttest	F*	p
Variables	Groups	M±SD	M±SD	LSM±SE	F*	p
Good death	Exp.	80.14±8.98	84.57±13.81	84.05±1.91	11.44	.001
	Cont.	76.70±8.67	74.32±10.32	74.81±1.86
Palliative care	Exp.	68.98±8.66	72.14±9.93	72.07±1.34	4.15	.045
	Cont.	69.45±7.16	68.00±6.78	68.11±1.31
Meaning of life	Exp.	31.00±4.42	32.31±3.50	32.07±0.56	5.12	.026
	Cont.	29.66±3.64	29.91±3.85	30.18±0.55

*F score were from analysis of covariates with experience of bereavement as covariates; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; LSM=Least squares mean.

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